Flashcards in speech and aphasia Deck (29)
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components of a mental status examination
1. Arousal and attention - level of consciousness, digit span, serial sevens. 2. Memory - orientation, three words at five minutes, remote events 3. Language - fluency, comprehension, repetition, naming, reading, writing 4. Visuospatial function - clock drawing, tests for hemineglect 5. Mood and affect - inquiries about feelings, observations of affect 6. Complex cognition - executive function, similarities, proverbs, judgment, insight
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define acute confusional state
a common and usually reversible disorder of attention
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define amnesia
impaired recent memory, with deficient new learning
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define aphasia
an acquired disorder of language resulting from damage to brain areas subserving linguistic capacity
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define apraxia
impairment of learned movement, often associated with aphasia
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define agnosia
impaired recognition in the visual, auditory, or tactile modality
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define visuospatial impairment
difficulty interpreting spatial relationships
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define hemineglect
failure to attend to one side (usually the left) of the body or extrapersonal space
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define personality change
a departure from normal character or comportment that often implies a frontal lobe lesion
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define dementia
multiple coexisting neurobehavioral deficits (e.g. amnesia, aphasia, personality change)
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brain structures involved in speech
motor cortices, corticobulbar tracts, basal ganglia, cerebellum, lower motor neurons innervating the pharyx and larnyx, and pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles. Cerebral cortex is required for language.
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what is dysarthria
a disorder of speech due to motor system involvement
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what is dysphonia
a disorder of voice related to laryngeal disease
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causes of mutism
severe aphasia, anarthria (no motor fuction) or aphonia (laryngeal failure) or psychiatric
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describe cerebral dominance
language is represented in left hemisphere in most people. While 90% of population is right handed and 10% left handed, 99% of right handed people are left dominant for language but 67% of left handers are also left dominant for language.
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testing for aphasia
requires the assessment of spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, and naming. In literate individuals, reading and writing should also be examined, as impaired reading (alexia) and writing (agraphia) typically accompany aphasia
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what is nonfluent spontaneous speech
labored, effortful speech and <6 word phrases
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what area of brain is language associated with
perisylvian area, including brocas and wernickes area
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what is a paraphasia
unintended sullables or words. 1. literal (pipe becomes hike), 2. verbal/semantic (wife becomes mother), 3. neologism (new and meaningless words)
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What is impaired in all types of aphasias
naming common items
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For Brocas aphasia, describe spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming and localization
Nonfluent spontaneous speech, good auditory comprehension, poor repetition, poor naming, localized to Broca's area in left hemisphere
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For Wernickes aphasia, describe spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming and localization
Fluent spontaneous speech, poor auditory comprehension, poor repetition, poor naming, localized to Wernicke's area in left hemisphere
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For conduction aphasia, describe spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming and localization
Fluent spontaneous speech, good auditory comprehension, poor repetition, poor naming, localized to Arcuate fasciculus area in left hemisphere
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For global aphasia, describe spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming and localization
Nonfluent spontaneous speech,poor auditory comprehension, poor repetition, poor naming, localized to Perisylvian region in left hemisphere
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For transcortical motor aphasia, describe spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming and localization
Nonfluent spontaneous speech, good auditory comprehension, good repetition, poor naming, localized to Anterior borderzone region in left hemisphere
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For transcortical sensory aphasia, describe spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming and localization
Fluent spontaneous speech, poor auditory comprehension, good repetition, poor naming, localized to Posterior borderzone region in left hemisphere
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For anomic aphasia, describe spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming and localization
Fluent spontaneous speech, good auditory comprehension, good repetition, poor naming, localized to angular gyrus region in left hemisphere
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For mixed transcortical aphasia, describe spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming and localization
Nonfluent spontaneous speech, poor auditory comprehension, good repetition, poor naming, localized to angular gyrus region in left hemisphere
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