Flashcards in speech and aphasia Deck (29)
Loading flashcards...
1
components of a mental status examination
1. Arousal and attention - level of consciousness, digit span, serial sevens. 2. Memory - orientation, three words at five minutes, remote events 3. Language - fluency, comprehension, repetition, naming, reading, writing 4. Visuospatial function - clock drawing, tests for hemineglect 5. Mood and affect - inquiries about feelings, observations of affect 6. Complex cognition - executive function, similarities, proverbs, judgment, insight
2
define acute confusional state
a common and usually reversible disorder of attention
3
define amnesia
impaired recent memory, with deficient new learning
4
define aphasia
an acquired disorder of language resulting from damage to brain areas subserving linguistic capacity
5
define apraxia
impairment of learned movement, often associated with aphasia
6
define agnosia
impaired recognition in the visual, auditory, or tactile modality
7
define visuospatial impairment
difficulty interpreting spatial relationships
8
define hemineglect
failure to attend to one side (usually the left) of the body or extrapersonal space
9
define personality change
a departure from normal character or comportment that often implies a frontal lobe lesion
10
define dementia
multiple coexisting neurobehavioral deficits (e.g. amnesia, aphasia, personality change)
11
brain structures involved in speech
motor cortices, corticobulbar tracts, basal ganglia, cerebellum, lower motor neurons innervating the pharyx and larnyx, and pharyngeal and laryngeal muscles. Cerebral cortex is required for language.
12
what is dysarthria
a disorder of speech due to motor system involvement
13
what is dysphonia
a disorder of voice related to laryngeal disease
14
causes of mutism
severe aphasia, anarthria (no motor fuction) or aphonia (laryngeal failure) or psychiatric
15
describe cerebral dominance
language is represented in left hemisphere in most people. While 90% of population is right handed and 10% left handed, 99% of right handed people are left dominant for language but 67% of left handers are also left dominant for language.
16
testing for aphasia
requires the assessment of spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, and naming. In literate individuals, reading and writing should also be examined, as impaired reading (alexia) and writing (agraphia) typically accompany aphasia
17
what is nonfluent spontaneous speech
labored, effortful speech and <6 word phrases
18
what area of brain is language associated with
perisylvian area, including brocas and wernickes area
19
what is a paraphasia
unintended sullables or words. 1. literal (pipe becomes hike), 2. verbal/semantic (wife becomes mother), 3. neologism (new and meaningless words)
20
What is impaired in all types of aphasias
naming common items
21
For Brocas aphasia, describe spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming and localization
Nonfluent spontaneous speech, good auditory comprehension, poor repetition, poor naming, localized to Broca's area in left hemisphere
22
For Wernickes aphasia, describe spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming and localization
Fluent spontaneous speech, poor auditory comprehension, poor repetition, poor naming, localized to Wernicke's area in left hemisphere
23
For conduction aphasia, describe spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming and localization
Fluent spontaneous speech, good auditory comprehension, poor repetition, poor naming, localized to Arcuate fasciculus area in left hemisphere
24
For global aphasia, describe spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming and localization
Nonfluent spontaneous speech,poor auditory comprehension, poor repetition, poor naming, localized to Perisylvian region in left hemisphere
25
For transcortical motor aphasia, describe spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming and localization
Nonfluent spontaneous speech, good auditory comprehension, good repetition, poor naming, localized to Anterior borderzone region in left hemisphere
26
For transcortical sensory aphasia, describe spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming and localization
Fluent spontaneous speech, poor auditory comprehension, good repetition, poor naming, localized to Posterior borderzone region in left hemisphere
27
For anomic aphasia, describe spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming and localization
Fluent spontaneous speech, good auditory comprehension, good repetition, poor naming, localized to angular gyrus region in left hemisphere
28
For mixed transcortical aphasia, describe spontaneous speech, auditory comprehension, repetition, naming and localization
Nonfluent spontaneous speech, poor auditory comprehension, good repetition, poor naming, localized to angular gyrus region in left hemisphere
29