Speech Conventions

Question 1

When a writer tries to persuade the audience to respect and believe him based on experience, reputation and image presentation.

Answer 1

Ethos (Rhetorical Device)

Question 2

When a writer tries to persuade the audience by appealing to their empathy/ emotions.

Answer 2

Pathos (Rhetorical Device)

Question 3

When a writer uses informatics, logistics, statistics etc.. in order to appeal to reasoning.

Answer 3

Logos (Rhetorical Device)

Question 4

To make a writer’s position more credible via the use of expertise and credibility
e.g Experts being called during a court case

Answer 4

Expert Opinion (Persuasive Technique)

Question 5

The use of statistics for evidence in order to make the author’s claim more valid.

Answer 5

Statistical Evidence (Rhetorical Technique)

Question 6

A tale that involved real-life events (a true story) that can be used as evidence to back claims and seem more credible

Answer 6

Anecdotal Evidence (Persuasive Technique)

Question 7

The way words are put together to form phrases, clauses, and sentences. The structure is used to influence the way a reader perceives a piece of writing.

Answer 7

Syntax (Synatical)

Question 8

The repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of a sentence

Answer 8

Anaphora (Rhetorical Device)

Question 9

The repetition of a word or phrase at the end of consecutive lines

Answer 9

Epistrophe (Rhetorical Device)

Question 10

The technique of arranging words, phrases, clauses, or larger structures by placing them side by side and making them similar in form.
e.g We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields

Answer 10

Parallelism ( Rhetorical and Syntactical)

Question 11

The ironic minimizing of a fact that presents something as less significant than it actually is

Answer 11

Understatement (Rhetorical Device)

Question 12

Figure of emphasis whereby a single word or short phrase such as in fact, of course, indeed, i supposed is used in order to add emphasis on a given topic.

Answer 12

Expletive (Rhetorical Device)

Question 13

An emotionally violent verbal denunciation/attack that uses strong abusive language

e.g ll-faced, worse bodied, shapeless everywhere; Vicious, ungentle, foolish, blunt, unkind; Stigmatical in making,

Answer 13

Invective (Rhetorical Device)

Question 14

Describes the author’s attitude towards his own material, the audience, or both.

Answer 14

Tone

Question 15

An attitude that lies beneath the ostensible tone of the piece. Under a cheery surface, for example, a work may seem threatening.

Answer 15

Undertone

Question 16

Usage of informal/everyday language. Makes writer appear more knowledgeable or involved within a social group he may be referring to in his work.

Answer 16

Colloquial Language (Rhetorical Device)

Question 17

Aims to directly address the reader, either personally, or as a member of a shared group.

e.g you, we,

we need to…
you need too..
etc..

Answer 17

Inclusive Language (Rhetorical Device)

Question 18

Addressing a mass audience as though they were individuals through inclusive language usage. Usually done in second person in advertisements

e.g See you after the break - Welcome to Mcdonalds!

Answer 18

Synthetic Personalization (Rhetorical Device)

Question 19

An idea or feeling that a word invokes in addition to its literal meaning

Answer 19

Connotation (Rhetorical Device/Diction)

Question 20

Literal meaning of a word.

Answer 20

Denotation (Rhetorical Device/Diction)

Question 21

A more acceptable way of referring to something that is grim or uncomfortable

e.g ‘collateral damage’ instead of ‘civilian death’

Answer 21

Euphemism (Rhetorical Device/Diction)

Question 22

Using many similar words in a short space , it gives weight to the idea being expressed via compiling them onto each other

e.g “This task requires guts, determination, grit, and willpower”

Answer 22

Cumulation

Question 23

Refers to the repetition of the first sound in consecutive words.

Answer 23

Alliteration

Question 24

Multiple words that pertain to one group or idea but are not necessarily combined/compiled like Cumulation.

Answer 24

Lexical Cluster

Question 25

Use of language that has multiple meanings, it is an intentional form of developing multiple connotative meanings, or situations that give meaning to both the connotative and denotative qualities of a word.

Answer 25

Ambiguity

Question 26

comparing one situation to another. For example, comparing the game of football to war.

Answer 26

Analogy

Question 27

Completely overstating and exaggerating your point for effect. (Like when your mom says,"I must have asked you a million times to clean your room!")

Answer 27

Hyperbole

Question 28

Sensory details in a work; the use of figurative language to evoke a feeling, call to mind an idea, or describe an object.

Answer 28

Imagery

Question 29

A figure of speech using implied comparison of seemingly unlike things or the substitution of one for the other, suggesting some similarity. Makes writing more vivid, imaginative, and thought provoking.

Answer 29

Metaphor

Question 30

A term from the Greek meaning “changed label” or “substitute name.”It is a figure of speech in which the name of one object is substituted for that of another closely associated with it. A news release that claims “the White House declared” rather that “the President declared” is an example. The substituted term generally carries a more potent emotional response.

Answer 30

Metonymy

Question 31

a type of metaphor in which the part stands for the whole, the whole for a part, the genus for the species, the species for the genus, the material for the thing made, or in short, any portion , section, or main quality for the whole or the thing itself (or vice versa). Ex. Farmer Joe has two hundred head of cattle [whole cattle]

Answer 31

Synecdoche

Question 32

acknowledging the opposition’s main idea

Answer 32

Concession

Question 33

A writer may mention an important event or person in an essay to lend importance or credibility to his/her argument. “According to…”

Answer 33

Appeal to authority

Question 34

Sometimes a writer or speaker will ask a question to which no answer is required. The answer is obvious so the reader has no choice but to agree with the writer's point.

Answer 34

Rhetorical Question

Question 35

is present if the writer’s words contain more than one meaning. This may be in the form of sarcasm, gentle irony, or a pun (play on words). It can be used to add humor or to emphasize an implied meaning under the surface.

Answer 35

Irony

Question 36

using words of an expert, a famous person, or a regular “Joe” to persuade others

Answer 36

Testimonial

Question 37

persuade people to do something by letting them know others are all doing it as well.

Answer 37

Bandwagon

Question 38

describing poor aspects of a competitor's argument/product so that your argument/product seems better.

Answer 38

Name Calling

Question 39

telling the facts for one side only.

Answer 39

Card Stacking

Question 40

Figure of reasoning in which one or more questions is/are asked and then answered, often at length, by one and the same speaker; raising and responding to one’s own question(s). A common usage is to ask the question at the beginning of a paragraph and then use the paragraph to answer it. You can use hypophora to raise questions which you think the reader obviously has on his/her mind and would like to see formulated and answered. Ex. “When the enemy struck on that June day of 1950, what did America do? It did what it always has done in all its times of peril. It appealed to the heroism of its youth.”

Answer 40

Hypophora

Question 41

(From the Greek word for “criss-cross,” a designation based on the Greek letter “chi,”written X). Chiasmus is a figure of speech in which two successive phrases or clauses are parallel in syntax, but reverse the order of the analogous words.Ex. “The land was ours before we were the land’s” - Robert Frost

Answer 41

Chiasmus

Question 42

the presentation of two contrasting ideas. The ideas are balanced by word, phrase, clause, or paragraphs. “To be or not to be…”

Answer 42

Antithesis

Question 43

refers to the omission of a conjunction such as “and” or “as” from a series of related clauses. The function of asyndeton is usually to accelerate a passage and emphasize the significance of the relation between these clauses. One famous example is Julius Caesar’s comment “Veni, vidi, vici” after a swift victory in battle, translated into English as “I came, I saw, I conquered.”

Answer 43

Asyndeton

Question 44

- a figure of speech in which several conjunctions are used to join connected clauses in places where they are not contextually necessary. For example, consider the following sentence: “The dinner was so good; I ate the chicken, and the salad, and the turkey, and the wild rice, and the bread, and the mashed potatoes, and the cranberry sauce.”

Answer 44

Polysyndeton

Question 45

As a literary technique, the definition is to place two concepts, characters, ideas, or places near or next to each other so that the reader will compare and contrast them.

Answer 45

Juxtaposition

Question 46

a rhetorical term for a series of three parallel words, phrases, or clauses.

Answer 46

Tricolon