Speech Science -Exam 2 Flashcards by Alayna Cassidy

/buttercup/ average 3-7 seconds

Sequential Motion Rate

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/pvpvpvp/ average 5-7 seconds

Alternating Motion Rate

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-Time in seconds for a predetermined amount of syllables

Diadochokinesis

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-Amount of time someone can sustain a sound.
-Measures of phonatory glottal closer and breath support.

Maximum Phonation time

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-Maximum performance task
-Assess integrity of phonation glottal closure
-More than 1.4 seconds is abnormal

s/z ratio

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-Measure in amplitude irregularities overtime
-Anything above 3% can indicate something pathological

Intensity perturbation of shimmer

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-Uses a light source on one side of VFs and photos of the other side of the VFs
-Glottogram!

Photoglottography

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-Timing variability between cycles of vibration
-flucuation in intensity

Jitter

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Process of bringing VFs together to begin phonation

Attack

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-Coordinate adduction and onset of respiration
-Should be using normally

Simultaneous vocal attack

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-Adduction of the Vfs occurs prior to the airflow

Glottal attack

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-Starting significant airflow before adducting the Vfs in voiceless sounds.
-Air going through first and then speaking.

Breathy vocal attack

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The cricoarytenoid joint is incredibly flexible (true or false)

True

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-vocal fold adduction and abduction
-limited sliding movement
-dominant rocking motion

Cricoarytenoid joint

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Within the cricothyroid joint, what does a high pitch mean for the location of cricothyroid joint and the VFs?

moves forward and elongates vocal folds

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-Rocking joint
-vocal fold elongation
-Provides major adjustment for change in vocal pitch

Cricothyroid joint

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What cartilage is below the thyroid?

Cricocartilage
ring shaped

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Why are men’s thyroid notch more prominent?

mens= 90
womens= 120

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-Arytenoid
-Corniclate
-Cuneiform

3 paired cartilages

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-Cricoid
-Thyroid
-Epiglottis

3 unpaired cartilages

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Process of sound production through vocal fold vibration

phonation

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What are false vocal folds called?

ventricular folds

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Space between vocal folds?

glottis

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Space below vocal folds?

Subglottic

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Space above vocal folds?

Supraglottic

What is the outer most layer of the vocal folds tissue?

Epithelium

What layers does the Lamina Propria contain?

Superficial Intermediate Deep

What is the epithelium layer made out of?

plicae

What is the superficial (Reinke's space) made out of?

gelatin

What is the intermediate layer made out of?

elastin

What is the deep layer made out?

collagen

What muscle is the inner most layer of the vocal folds?

thyroarytenoid

Layers of the vocal folds in order?

Epithelium Superficial Intermediate Deep Thyroarytenoid muscle

Extrinsic muscles purpose?

adjust and stabilize overall laryngeal position

What does the extrinsic muscles' purpose help?

intrinsic muscles can exert their forces

Interconnect cartilages fine control of phonation

intrinsic muscles

Abduction (intrinsic muscles)

posterior cricoarytenoid

Adduction (intrinsic muscles)

lateral cricoarytenoid transverse and oblique arytenoids

Tensors

cricothyroid thyrovocalis medial portion of thyroarytenoid

Relaxors

thyromuscularis lateral portion of thyroarytenoid

-picking up something and bare down aspect (kind of like a grunt)

Valsalva maneuver

-airway protection -stabilize upper body during movement -phonation

functions of larynx

Abducting the Vfs out of the airstream

Termination

-Maintaining the VFs in place.

Sustained phonation

Pattern of activity that VFs undergo during a cycle of vibration.

Mode

VFs tend to open from posterior to anterior

Horizontal mode of phonation

What is the minimum driving pressure of the Vfs in modal phonation?

3-5 H2O pressure

Pitch of VF vibration that is optimal for an individual

Optimal pitch

VFs open and close from inferior to superior.

Vertical mode of phonation

How can we change frequency/ pitch via mass?

Spreading the muscle, mucosa and ligaments out over more distance. Pitch increases

How can we change frequency/ pitch via tension?

stretch them tighter or relax them.

How can we change frequency/ pitch via length?

elongation is what really affects tension and mass.

differences in mode of vibration of Vfs

Extremely low in pitch and sounds rough

Pulse

Pattern of phonation used in daily conversation

modal

Vibration is faster (greater frequency) for higher pitch. -They make contact briefly

loft

Medial compression is greatly increased

Strained phonation

Vfs are inadequately approximated

Breathy voice

No voice VFs are partially adducted to produce some turbulence in airstream

Whisper

-Given a constant volume flow of air at a point of constriction, there will be a decrease in air pressure perpendicular to the flow and an increase in the velocity of the flow of air.

Bernoulli effect

Normal conversation glottal cycle %

opening phase= 50% closing phase= 37% closed= 13%

Useful to understand Vf vibration in relation to different voice types shows proportion of a cycle the folds are open.

Glottogram

Increased intensity glottal cycle %

opening= 33% closing= 37% closed= 30%

Jitter range around .2 to 1% high jitter value indicates that something might be interfering with normal vf vibration

Frequency perturbation

-Through nasal cavity -hangs right above larynx allows for many different speech sounds and swallowing

Flexible laryngoscopy

-Lowest frequency of a complex sound -Same as the first harmonic

Fundamental frequency

Special mask used to determine airflow measurements for glottal opening. big opening= more airflow no opening= no airflow.

inverse filter

through mouth and pulls tongue forward. most direct view of larynx no swallowing or certain speech sounds.

Rigid Laryngoscopy

-Amplitude measured by sounds pressure level. -Physical measure of power or pressure ratios

Intensity

How many octaves is the pitch range?

2-3

air pressure changes opening and closing phase closed phase

Glottal cycle

-High speed camera movie of vibrating vfs

Cinematography

-Amplitude variability -Flucuations in amplitude

Shimmer

Perceptual correlate of intensity what we hear and understand

Loudness

Abnormal voice qualities Voices that sound deviate in terms of pitch, tone, and or loudness

Dysphonia

What octave is the optimal pitch?

about 1/4 above the lowest frequency of vibration of an individual

-Maintenance of childhood pitch despite having passed through the development stage of puberty

Puberphonia

Frequency of vibration of VFs that is habitually used during speech

Habitual pitch

What does habitual pitch want to be ideal to?

Optimal pitch

Average frequency of vibration of VFs during some sustained phonation

Average fundamental frequency

Range of fundamental frequency for an individual

Pitch range

muscular motion to pull VFs together

translaryngeal pressure

Pressure changes in the larynx during phonation

laryngeal opposing pressure

Speech Science -Exam 2 Flashcards

(83 cards)