Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Speech Science > Speech Science Quiz #6 > Flashcards

Speech Science Quiz #6 Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

Ventilation

A

movement of air in and out of the pulmonary mechanism; routed through the nose, mouth, or both

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Where does resting tidal breathing usually occur?

A

through the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What needs to be open in order for you to breath?

A

Velopharyngeal Port

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens to the VP when swallowing?

A

it closes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Why does the VP have to close during swallowing?

A

prevents food/ liquid from entering nasal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Closure of the VP is important for developing adequate pressure during swallowing to push material down through the ___________ and into the _________.

A

Pharynx; esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the swallowing phases?

A
  1. Oral preparatory phase
  2. Oral Transit Phase
  3. Pharyngeal transport phase
  4. Esophageal phase
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What happens in the oral preparatory phase?

A

food/liquid is prepped for swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What happens in the Oral Transit phase?

A

food/liquid pushed from mouth to throat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What happens in the pharyngeal transport phase?

A

food/liquid travels through throat to reach esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What happens in the esophageal phase?

A

food/liquid travels through the esophagus to reach stomach (GI diagnoses this phase)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The VP is _________ during the oral phase.

A

open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The VP is ______ during the oral transit phase.

A

closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The VP is ______ during the pharyngeal transport phase.

A

closed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The VP is _______ during the esophageal phase.

A

open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What muscles are involved in the oral preparatory stage?

A

TMJ, buccinator muscle, orbicular oris muscle, and angular muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are Suprasegmentals?

A

characteristics that are superimposed on segmental features of speech (phonemes) that convey meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are suprasegmentals also known as?

A

prosody or prosodic features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are Suprasegmentals?

A

characteristics that are SUPERIMPOSED on segmental features of speech (phonemes) that convey meaning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are other names for Suprasegmentals?

A

prosody or prosodic features

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the 3 Suprasegmental features?

A
  1. Duration
  2. Pitch Contour
  3. Tone/intonation contour
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Production of Suprasegmentals?

A

acoustic features of suprasegmentals are defined by their values relative to each other

so basically, when stressed is placed on a particular phoneme or syllable it is only noticeable when compared to the lack of stress on the surrounding sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What would be an example of the production of suprasegmentals?

A

BAnana vs. baNAna

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is tone?

A

pitch as a distinctive feature at the WORD LEVEL (signifies unique meaning)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is an example of tone?
"I said Beet, not Pete!"
26
What is intonation?
pitch contour as a distinctive feature at the UTTERANCE LEVEL
27
What is an example of intonation?
A falling pitch in a statement "He is." vs. A rising pitch in a question "He is?"
28
What are Closed-questions?
yes or no questions ending with a rising pitch ex: "Did she go back?"
29
What are Open-ended questions?
ends with a falling pitch ex: "Where did she go?"
30
What are Tonal languages?
some languages, like Mandarin Chinese, are tonal, which means that some words are exactly the same in all aspects EXCEPT TONE
31
Is English a tonal or non-tonal language?
Non-tonal, BUT tone and intonation play a larger role in conveying meaning
32
What can signify emotion of single words?
Pitch contours
33
What else can contribute to pitch contours?
gender geographical area
34
What happens to fundamental frequency (F0) over the course of an utterance (declination of intonation)?
tends to decrease over the course of the utterance
35
Fundamental frequencies are more _____ for short utterances and more _____ for longer utterances.
Steeper; Gradual
36
Where is declination in intonation more apparent?
reading
37
What is stress?
amount of emphasis placed upon a segment/ group of segments in order to convey meaning
38
How do you apply stress? (3 acoustic cues)
1. F0: stressed unit often higher in pitch 2. Intensity Contour: stressed unit is often louder 3. Duration: stressed unit often longer in duration
39
Why do we use stress?
to emphasize certain words to change the meaning
40
Examples of stress on one word compared to another and how it can change the meaning of the sentence
"I NEVER said she stole my money" "I never said she STOLE my money"
41
For some _______ words, syllable stress can also used to differentiate between a ______ and a ______.
English words; noun and verb
42
Duration is very important at both _________ and ________ levels.
Segmental and Suprasegmental
43
What is duration referred to at the Suprasegmental level?
QUANTITY * Single semantic boundaries (end of words or sentences) by lengthening syllable(s) at the end of an utterance
44
What is Juncture?
time separation of syllables
45
What can juncture influence?
meaning of utterances "I'm making a lot" vs. "I'm aching a lot"
46
What are Approximates?
constriction in the oral cavity (but with less than stops or fricatives)
47
Approximates are considered ________ instead of _______ because the can't form nuclei of syllables.
consonants; vowels
48
What are included in approximates?
Semivowels or glides ( /j/, w/ ) Liquids (/r, l/)
49
All approximates, except ____, are produced with a central airstream.
/l/
50
What are the distinguishing features of GLIDES (/w, j/) on a spectrogram?
FORMANT TRANSITIONS
51
Why are glides also called semi-vowels?
because they appear similar to diphthongs, but are considered consonants because they are .... - produced with greater constriction than vowels - formant transition from vowel to glide is faster than in diphthongs
52
In a CV syllable: Low F1 moves ____ in /w/ & /j/ F2 moves ____ in /w/
upward; upward
53
In a VC syllable: F1 and F2 BOTH move ____ in steady state portion of a vowel in anticipation of /w/
downward
54
In a CV syllable: Low F1 moves ____ in /w/ & /j/ F2 moves ____ in /j/
upward; downward
55
In a VC syllable: Low F1 moves ____ from steady state portion of a vowel in anticipation of /j/ F2 moves ____ in anticipation of /j/
downward; upward
56
What is the most distinguishing feature of a liquid /r/?
low F3
57
What are the characteristics of a dark rhotic liquid /r/?
- CV context - F3 is very low - no anticipatory coarticulation
58
What are the characteristics of a LIGHT RHOTIC liquid /r/?
- VC context - NOT as low F3 - strong influence on on preceding vowel
59
What are the two allophonic variations in English?
dark rhotic and light rhotic
60
What are the characteristics of liquid /l/?
- lateral airstream - formants & antiformants (decrease/dampening in sound energy) - small discontinuity (seen as a white space on spectrogram)
61
What are the characteristics of a Dark rhotic /l/?
- occurs in VC context - F1 and F2 low - no discontinuity
62
What are the characteristics of a Light Rhotic /l/?
- occurs in CV context - F1 and F2 are low - some discontinuity between vowel and lateral
63
What is a Nasendoscopy used for?
can view the outer nose, parts of the nasal cavities, undersurface of the velum, and part of the posterior pharyngeal wall
64
Why do we use X-ray imaging?
shows us... - lateral view of the VP-nasal mechanism (and other structures in the head and neck) - asses speech problems due to structural abnormalities - asses swallowing problems
65
What is a specific type of x-ray imaging that we use?
Videofluoroscopy
66
What is a Pneumotachometer and what is it used for?
nasal airflow measurements; determines if VP port is open or closed
67
What is a nasal canula and what is it used for?
- monitors nasal air pressure using double-barreled nasal canula connect to a sensitive pressure transducer
68
What is sound spectrography?
graphical representation of components of speech sounds (ex: frequency, intensity)
69
What is articulatory tracking?
- tracks specific points in real time on pharyngeal- oral mechanism during activities like speech production - involves placement of small markers at different points in oral and/or pharyngeal cavity
70
What is Electropalatography?
- measures tongue-palate contact during speech production
71
Why would we use an MRI machine?
- asses speech problems due to structural abnormalities (can be still images or recorded movements)
72
Why would one use Aeromechanical observations?
- to measure oral air pressure during speech production - use along with nasal airflow measures to determine presence if velopharyngeal insufficiency
73
What is a functional disorder?
- has NO known physical cause - example: articulation disorders
74
What is an organic disorder?
- has A KNOWN physical cause - example: structural disorders
75
What are the two types of structural disorders?
congenital and acquiried
76
What is a congenital disorder?
excess or insufficiency of tissues, cleft lip or palate, malformations, or misalignments of structures
77
What is an acquired disorder?
trauma, disease (including cancer), surgery

Speech Science (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions