Speed Terms Part 1: Ch 1, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

study of the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another.

Question 2

Macroscopic (Gross) anatomy

Answer 2

large, easily observed

Question 3

Microscopic anatomy

Answer 3

you need a microscope to observe.

Question 4

Negative Feedback System

Answer 4

shuts off the original stimulus or reduces its intensity. (most common kind)

Question 5

Positive Feedback System

Answer 5

intensifies the original stimulus. Called a cascade (amplify as they progress).

Question 6

Fibroblasts

Answer 6

in all connective tissues that produce/secrete the matrix component

Question 7

Chondroblasts

Answer 7

found in cartilage (condo=cartilage)

Question 8

Osteoblasts

Answer 8

found in bones (osteo = bone)

Question 9

Adipocytes

Answer 9

fat cells that store triglycerides

Question 10

White blood cells

Answer 10

can migrate into other connective tissues from blood to area of injury to deal with infection

Question 11

Mast cells:

Answer 11

release heparin (anticoagulant: stops blood from clotting) and histamine (dilates blood vessels: so that immune cells that need to get to the site of injury can get there and start fighting the injection).

Question 12

Macrophages

Answer 12

large phagocytic cells, cells that roam around, develop from WBC and engulf and digest anything that shouldn’t be there

Question 13

Neuroglia

Answer 13

maintain the neurons, Are the more numerous non-conducting cells which function in support, insulation, and protection of neurons.

Question 14

neurons

Answer 14

Are nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses.

Question 15

Keratinocytes

Answer 15

contain keratin, protect skin

Question 16

Melanocytes

Answer 16

transfers pigment, shield skin from UV, more sun more cells

Question 17

Langerhans cells

Answer 17

arse in red bone marrow. immune response

Question 18

Merkel cells

Answer 18

contact/touch receptors

Question 19

stratum basale

Answer 19

deepest, cuboidal, single layer, Contains melanocytes & Merkel cells

Question 20

stratum spinous

Answer 20

8-10 layers, cells strongly attached, Contains Langerhans cells & projections of melanocytes

Question 21

stratum granulosum

Answer 21

3-5 flat layers, transition layer (start to die), Lamellated granules

Question 22

stratum lucidium

Answer 22

(only in thick skin), 3-5 clear layers

Question 23

stratum corneum

Answer 23

waterproof, 25 to 30 layers of flat, dead keratinocytes containing keratin

Question 24

medulla

Answer 24

core of large cells (of hair root)

Question 25

cortex

Answer 25

several layers of flattened cells (of hair root)

Question 26

cuticle

Answer 26

single layer of cells that overlap one another from below (of hair root)

Question 27

Ceruminous glands

Answer 27

are modified apocrine glands found in skin lining the external ear canal, Secrete sticky earwax (cerumen)

Question 28

Free edge

Answer 28

extends over digit

Question 29

Nail body

Answer 29

is visible portion

Question 30

Nail root

Answer 30

embedded in a fold of skin

Question 31

Diaphysis

Answer 31

shaft of the long some

Question 32

Epiphyses

Answer 32

end of the long bone

Question 33

Metaphysis

Answer 33

between the epic and Diaphysis of the long bone, contains growth plate (epiphyseal plate)

Question 34

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 34

growth plate in long bone

Question 35

Osteoprogenitor

Answer 35

mitotic stem cells from mesenchymal tissue mitotically divide

Question 36

Osteoblast

Answer 36

secrete the extracellular matrix

Question 37

Osteocyte

Answer 37

maintain matrix

Question 38

Osteoclast

Answer 38

break down bones (in the endosperm)

Question 39

Ossification

Answer 39

the formation of bone

Question 40

Intramembranous Ossification

Answer 40

bones arrive from embryonic mesenchymal cells

Question 41

Endochondral Ossification

Answer 41

bone forms from existing hyaline cartilage model

Question 42

intrastitial

Answer 42

growth of bone in length

Question 43

appositional

Answer 43

growth of bone in width

Question 44

Calcitonin

Answer 44

regulates bone calcium levels triggered with high Ca2+

Question 45

Parathyroid hormone

Answer 45

PTH regulates bone calcium levels triggered with low Ca2+

Question 46

Endomysium

Answer 46

surrounds individual muscle cells

Question 47

Perimysium

Answer 47

surrounds a bundle (fascicle) of muscle cells

Question 48

Epimysium

Answer 48

encircles entire muscle (many fascicles)

Question 49

Triad

Answer 49

T-tubule & the 2 cisterns

Question 50

T-Tubule

Answer 50

?

Question 51

terminal cisterns

Answer 51

dilated end sacs of sarcoplasmic reticulum

Question 52

Proprioception

Answer 52

sensory reseptors brings in info about location of body limbs and degree of tension in muscle/joints (tells what position head/limbs/torso is in)

Question 53

Absolute Refractory Period

Answer 53

AP not possible , physically impossible for another AP to be generated. Lasts from the time the channels open up to the end of the repolarization phase.

Question 54

Relative Refractory Period

Answer 54

requires a stronger stimulus since your at -90. From the end of the reporarization phase to the end of the hyperpolarizing phase.

Question 55

Continuous conduction

Answer 55

Occurs along unmyelinated axons, A slow process, NRG expesive process since you need NA/K pumps all along the legth of the membrane

Question 56

Saltatory conduction

Answer 56

Occurs along myelinated axons, Depolarization only at nodes, AP jumps from node to node, Much faster conduction

Question 57

axodendritic

Answer 57

synapse, the axon of one neuron is facing a dendrite

Question 58

axosomatic

Answer 58

synapse, axon with a soma

Question 59

Axoaxonic

Answer 59

synapse, axon interacting with other axon