Sperm and their Origins Flashcards Preview

Medicine, Year 1 Block 8 (Reproductive And Endocrine Systems) > Sperm and their Origins > Flashcards

Flashcards in Sperm and their Origins Deck (33)
Loading flashcards...
1
Q

What is the head/cap of the sperm called?

A

Acrosome

2
Q

What lies posterior to the acrosome of sperm?

A

Nucleus

3
Q

Where is the mitochondria located in the sperm?

A

Midpiece

4
Q

Fetal gonad forms from a bipotential primordia. How does it occur in males?

A

The medulla develops into a testis and the cortex degenerates

5
Q

Fetal gonad forms from a bipotential primordia. How does it occur in females?

A

The cortex develops into an ovary and the medulla degenerates

6
Q

Why can male gametes increase in number postnatally?

A

Because they arrested at mitosis and can resume again

7
Q

What are the two types in cells in the Seminifeous tubules?

A

Sertioli cells

Leydig cells

8
Q

What is the role of the Sertoli cells?

A

Nourishment of the spermatozoa

9
Q

Which set of cells form of the Blood-Testis barrier?

A

Myoid cells

10
Q

What are Myoid cells?

A

A set of cells which form the Blood-Testis barrier

11
Q

What is the sperm stem cell called?

A

Spermatogonium

12
Q

Describe the change in chromosome number during Spermatogenesis

A
  1. Begins diploid (2n)
  2. Replicates DNA (2n to 4n)
  3. Chiasma forms
  4. Cells divide to yield 2 x 2n
  5. No second round of DNA replication
  6. Cells divide from 2n to 1n
13
Q

1 Sperm stem cell can make how many Type A1 Spermatogonium?

A

16

14
Q

16 Type A1 Spermatogonium can make how many Type B cells?

A

32 Type B

15
Q

32 Type B cells can make how many resting primary spermatocytes?

A

64

16
Q

The primary spermatocyte is diploid or haploid?

A

Diploid

17
Q

The secondary spermatocyte is diploid or haploid?

A

Haploid

18
Q

What are the four sub cell types in Spermatogenesis?

A

SpermatoGOnia
SpermaTOcytes
SperMAtids
SpermaTOZoa

(Go to ma toz)

19
Q

What is the role of LH in males?

A

Acts on the Leydig cells to produce Testosterone (4 - 10 mg)

Testosterone acts on the hypothalamus in a negative feedback loop to reduce LH synthesis

20
Q

What is the principle Androgen hormone in males?

A

Testosterone

21
Q

What is the role of FSH in males?

A

FSH binds to receptors on Sertoli cells, and stimulates production of Androgen receptors

22
Q

What is the potent form of Testosterone, and how is it converted from Testosterone?

A

5-alpha DHT, via reductase

23
Q

What is the male equivalent of Theca cells?

A

Leydig cells

24
Q

What is the male equivalent of Granulosa cells?

A

Sertoli cells

25
Q

What receptor does the Leydig cells have?

A

LH receptor

26
Q

What receptor does the Sertoli cells have?

A

FSH receptor

27
Q

How much sperm is the normal range per ml?

A

15 million per ml

28
Q

What is the name given to “low sperm count”?

A

Oligospermia

29
Q

What is the name given to “complete absence of semen”

A

Aspermia

30
Q

What is the name given to the “complete absence of sperm”

A

Azoospermia

31
Q

What is the name given to “low motility of sperm”

A

Asthenozoospermia

32
Q

What is the erectile tissue of the penis?

A

Corpora cavernosa

33
Q

What is the mechanism of action of Sildenafil?

A

PDE5 inhibition