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SPERM1 Flashcards

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1
Q

spermatogenesis

A

semineferous tubules

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2
Q

epididymis

A

sperm maturation

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3
Q

dectus deferens

A

propel sperm to ejaculatory duct

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4
Q

seminal vesicle

A

provides nutrients for sperm and fluid

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5
Q

prostate glands

A

provide enzymes and proteins for coagulation and liquefaction

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6
Q

bulbourethal gland

A

add alkaline mucus to neutralize prostatic acid and vaginal acidity

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7
Q

reasons for seminalysis

A

fertility testing, post-vasectomy seminal analysis, forensic analysis

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8
Q

most common cause of infertility

A

variocele

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9
Q

sperm head of variocele

A

tampered

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10
Q

semen composition of spermatozoa

A

5%

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11
Q

sperm composition of seminal fluid

A

60-70%

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12
Q

sperm composition of prostatic fluid

A

20-30%

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13
Q

sperm composition of bulbourethal gland

A

5%

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14
Q

methods of collection

A

masturbation method, condom method, coitus interrupts

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15
Q

best method for collection of sperm

A

masturbation method

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16
Q

condom method used

A

non-lubricant, polyurethene condom

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17
Q

In specimen collection, sexual abstinence period must be

A

not less than 2 days or not more than 7 days

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18
Q

prolonged abstinence lead to

A

high volume, low sperm motility, high flavin( grayish appearance)

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19
Q

First portion is missing to ejaculate

A

low sperm count, high pH, specimen will not liquify

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20
Q

last portion is missing to ejaculate

A

high sperm count, low pH, specimen will not clot

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21
Q

If collected at home, specimen must be kept at _____temperature and delivered to the lab within _____________

A

37 DEGREES C,1 hour

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22
Q

Specimens that don’t liquefy must be treated must be treated with

A

amylase, bromelain, alpha-chymotrypsin

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23
Q

For fertility testing, the sample must be: and the result must be:

A

Strasinger (6): 2-3 sample; not less than 7 days, not more than 3 weeks apart
Strasinger (5) 2-3 sample;2 weeks interval
Result: 2 abnormal samples= significant

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24
Q

appearance of sperm

A

grayish-white, translucent, musty brown/bleach odor

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25
result of appearance of sperm
Infection: white turbiidty rbc/brown color: increased rbc yellow color: urine contamination, medication, high flavin
26
volume of sperm
2-5 mL
27
results of volume of sperm
increased: abstinence decreased: infertility
28
viscosity
normal droplets
29
result of viscocity
increased: low sperm motility abnormal: threads (2cm long) reporting: 0-watery 4-gel like
30
pH
7.2-8.0
31
result of pH
increased pH: infection decreased pH: increased prostatic fluid
32
normal specimen concentration
>20M/mL
33
NORMAL TOTAL SPERM COUNT
>40 M/ejaculate
34
2 composition or counting
improved neubauer counter chamber makler counting chamber
35
improved neubauer has:
Dilution: 1:20 Components: 1.) formalin +sodium bicarbonate; 2.) saline, 3.)distilled water, 4.) cold tap water
36
Makler counting chamber
used for undiluted specimens
37
NORMAL MOTILITY
>50 % within 1 hour
38
sperm motility grading: no movement, d
0
39
sperm motility grading: no forward progression, c
1.0
40
sperm motility grading: slow forward progression, noticable lateral movement, b
2.0
41
sperm motility grading: slower speed,some lateral movement, b
3.0
42
sperm motility grading: rapid, straight line motility
4.0
43
sperm moving linearly or in a large circle
PM (progressive motility)
44
sperm moving with an absence of progression
NP(non-progressive motility)
45
no movement
IM (immotility)
46
NORMAL QUALITY
>2.0 or a, b, c
47
head of the sperm morphology
length: 5um width: 3 ums appearance: oval shaped head acrosomal cap: 1/2 head;2/3 nucleus abnormal: poor ovum penetration
48
flagellar tail
approximately 45um long
49
midpiece contains
mitochondria
50
normal values of sperm morphology(routine)
>30%
51
normal values for sperm morphology (Kruger's strict criteria)
>14%
52
stains in order to view sperm morphology
papanicolaou stain (preferred), wright's stain, giemsa stain
53
abnormal sperm viability
decreased (↓) motility, BUT normal count
54
stain used in modified bloom's test
eosin-nigrosin stain
55
microscope used in modified bloom's stain
bright field microscopy phase-contrast microscopy
56
INTERPRETATION OF MODIFIED BLOOM'S STAIN: RED
dead sperm
57
INTERPRETATION OF MODIFIED BLOOM'S STAIN: bluish white(unstained)
living sperm
58
50% or 75% living sperms
normal
59
↓ or absent of fructose
↓ sperm concentration
60
screening test result for seminal fluid fructose
Resorcinol test/Seliwanoff's test
61
test result: positive fructose in seminal fluid fructose
orange color/red-orange
62
concentration of seminal fluid fructose
≥ 13umol/ejaculate
63
anti-sperm antibodies occur in both women and men; and can be detected in:
semen, cervical mucosa, serum
64
2 test in antisperm antibodies
MAR and Immunobead test
65
sperm motility read in
20HPF
66
_______if needed to be transported (i.e., collected in patient’s home)
room temperature
67
awaiting analysis
37 degrees celcius
68
_______it can be preserved in frozen state and stored for one year at –85 °C (seminal banks)
ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION
69
Detects presence of IgG antibodies Reagent: AHG + latex particles or treated RBC coated with IgG
Mixed Agglutination Reaction (MAR)
70
reagent of MAR
AHG + latex particles or treated RBC coated with IgG
71
normal result of MAR
clump;<10% motile sperms attached to latex particles
72
Detects presence of IgG, IgA, & IgM antibodies ✓ Demonstrates what area of the sperm (head, neck, tail) the autoantibodies are affecting
Immunobead Test
73
normal immunobead test
presence of beads on <50% sperms
74
reference semen chemical values for neutral-a-glucosidase
≥ 20 mU/ejaculate
75
reference semen chemical values for zinc
≥ 2.4 umol/ejaculate
76
reference semen for acid phosphatase
≥ 200 units/ejaculate
77
frcutose
≥ 13 umol/ejaculate
78
↓neutral a-glucosidase
epididymis disorder
79
↓fructose
lack of seminal fluid
80
↓zinc,citric acid, ACP
lack of prostate fluid
81
immature sperm cell; without flagella
spermatids
82
wbc
round cell
83
normal round cell
<1million/mL
84
abnormal round cell
>1 million WBCs/mL = infection >1 million spermatids/mL → disruption of spermatogenesis
85
parasites in sperms
Chlamydia trachomatis Mycoplasma hominis Ureaplasma urealyticum
86
NORMAL for microbial testing (others)
<1MILLION/mL
87
More specific method IN SPECIMEN DETECTION
Glycoprotein p30 (aka Prostatic Specific Antigen)
88
Florence test
test for choline reagents: iodide crystals +potassium iodide Color: (+) dark brown rhombic crystals
89
Barbiero test
test for SPERMINE reagents: saturated picric acid + trichloroacetic acid Color: yellow-leaf like crystals
90
cutting of vas deferens so that ejaculate will not contain any sperm
Vasectomy
91
Computer-Assisted Semen Analysis (CASA)
Determines sperm: 1. Velocity 2. Trajectory 3. Concentration 4. Morphology

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