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ECHO PROGRAM SEMESTER ONE > SPI chapters 1 and 2 > Flashcards

SPI chapters 1 and 2 Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

absorption

A

the conversion of sound energy to heat

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2
Q

interface

A

the dividing line between two different media

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3
Q

parameter

A

a measurable quanity

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4
Q

oblique incidence

A

angle of incidence is less than or greater than 90 degrees to the interface

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5
Q

normal incidence

A

angle of incidence is 90 degrees to the interface

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6
Q

nonspecular reflectors

A

reflectors that are smaller than the wavelength of the incident beam

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7
Q

medium

A

any form of matter (liquid,gas,solid)

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8
Q

longitudinal waves

A

waves in which the molecules of the medium vibrate back and forth in the same direction that the waves are traveling

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9
Q

intensity transmission coefficient

A

the percentage of sound transmitted at an interface

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10
Q

intensity reflection coefficient

A

the percentage of sound reflected at an interface

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11
Q

intensity

A

the power of the wave divided by the area over which it is spread

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12
Q

inertia

A

newtons principle that states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an outside force

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13
Q

impedance

A

the resistance to the propagation of sound through a medium

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14
Q

hydrophone

A

a device used to measure the output intensity of the transducer

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15
Q

hertz

A

a unit of frequency

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16
Q

half-intensity depth

A

the depth at which sound has lost half its intensity

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17
Q

frequency

A

the number of cycles per second

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18
Q

duty factor

A

the percentage of time that sound is actually being produced

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19
Q

distance

A

how far apart objects are

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20
Q

density

A

mass per unit volume

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21
Q

decibels

A

a unit that establishes a relationship or comparison between two values of power, intensity, or amplitude

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22
Q

damping

A

the process of reducing the number of cycles of each pulse in order to improve axial resolution

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23
Q

continuous wave

A

sound that is continuously transmitted

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24
Q

compression

Study These Flashcards
A

an area in the sound wave of high pressure and density

25
capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers
technology used to create comparable transducer technology to piezoelectric materials
26
beam uniformity ratio
the ratio of the center intensity to the average spatial intensity
27
backscatter
scattered sound waves that make their way back to the transducer and produce an image on the display
28
axial resolution
the ability to accurately identify reflectors that are arranged parallel to the ultrasound beam
29
attenuation coefficient
the rate at which sound is attenuated per unit depth
30
attenuation
a decrease in the amplitude and intensity of the sound beam as sound travels through tissue
31
amplitude
the maximum or minimum deviation of an acoustic variable from the average value of that variable
32
acoustic variable
changes that occur within a medium as a result of sound traveling through that medium
33
acoustic speckle
the interference pattern caused by scatterers that produces the granular appearance of tissue on a sonographic image
34
particle motion
the movement of molecules due to propagating sound energy
35
path length
distance to the reflector
36
period time
time it takes for one cycle to occur
37
piezoelectric materials
a material that generates electricity when pressure is applied to it, and one that changes shape when electricity is applied to it
38
power
the rate at which work is performed or energy is transmitted
39
pressure
force per unit area or the concentration of force
40
propagate
to transmit through a medium
41
propagation speed
the speed at which a sound wave travels through a medium
42
pulse duration
the time during which the sound is being transmitted; the “on” time
43
pulse repetition frequency
the number of pulses of sound produced in one second
44
pulse repetition period
the time taken for a pulse to occur
45
pulse wave
sound that is sent out in pulses
46
rarefaction
an area in the sound wave of low pressure and density
47
rate
the fixed quantity owed as the sound beam travels through tissue
48
Rayleigh scatterers
small scattering reflectors
49
reflection
the echo; the portion of sound that returns from an interface
50
refraction
the change in the direction of the transmitted sound beam that occurs with oblique incidence angles and dissimilar propagation speeds
51
scattering
the phenomenon that occurs when sound waves are dispersed into different directions because of the small reflector side compared with the incident wavelength
52
Snell's law
law used to describe the angle of transmission at an interface based on the angle of incidence and propagation speeds of the two media
53
sound
a traveling variation in pressure
54
spatial pulse length
the length of a pulse
55
specular reflections
reflections that occur when the sound impinges upon a large, smooth reflector at a 90 degree angle
56
stiffness
the ability of an object to resist compression and relates to the hardness of a medium
57
total attenuation
the total amount of sound that has been attenuated at a given depth
58
ultrasound
sound waves of frequencies exceeding the range of human hearing
59
transverse waves
type of wave in which the molecules in a medium vibrate at 90 degrees to the direction of travel

ECHO PROGRAM SEMESTER ONE (6 decks)

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