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ECHO PROGRAM SEMESTER ONE > SPI chapters 1 and 2 > Flashcards

SPI chapters 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

absorption

A

the conversion of sound energy to heat

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2
Q

interface

A

the dividing line between two different media

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3
Q

parameter

A

a measurable quanity

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4
Q

oblique incidence

A

angle of incidence is less than or greater than 90 degrees to the interface

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5
Q

normal incidence

A

angle of incidence is 90 degrees to the interface

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6
Q

nonspecular reflectors

A

reflectors that are smaller than the wavelength of the incident beam

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7
Q

medium

A

any form of matter (liquid,gas,solid)

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8
Q

longitudinal waves

A

waves in which the molecules of the medium vibrate back and forth in the same direction that the waves are traveling

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9
Q

intensity transmission coefficient

A

the percentage of sound transmitted at an interface

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10
Q

intensity reflection coefficient

A

the percentage of sound reflected at an interface

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11
Q

intensity

A

the power of the wave divided by the area over which it is spread

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12
Q

inertia

A

newtons principle that states that an object at rest stays at rest and an object in motion stays in motion unless acted on by an outside force

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13
Q

impedance

A

the resistance to the propagation of sound through a medium

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14
Q

hydrophone

A

a device used to measure the output intensity of the transducer

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15
Q

hertz

A

a unit of frequency

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16
Q

half-intensity depth

A

the depth at which sound has lost half its intensity

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17
Q

frequency

A

the number of cycles per second

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18
Q

duty factor

A

the percentage of time that sound is actually being produced

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19
Q

distance

A

how far apart objects are

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20
Q

density

A

mass per unit volume

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21
Q

decibels

A

a unit that establishes a relationship or comparison between two values of power, intensity, or amplitude

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22
Q

damping

A

the process of reducing the number of cycles of each pulse in order to improve axial resolution

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23
Q

continuous wave

A

sound that is continuously transmitted

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24
Q

compression

A

an area in the sound wave of high pressure and density

25
Q

capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers

A

technology used to create comparable transducer technology to piezoelectric materials

26
Q

beam uniformity ratio

A

the ratio of the center intensity to the average spatial intensity

27
Q

backscatter

A

scattered sound waves that make their way back to the transducer and produce an image on the display

28
Q

axial resolution

A

the ability to accurately identify reflectors that are arranged parallel to the ultrasound beam

29
Q

attenuation coefficient

A

the rate at which sound is attenuated per unit depth

30
Q

attenuation

A

a decrease in the amplitude and intensity of the sound beam as sound travels through tissue

31
Q

amplitude

A

the maximum or minimum deviation of an acoustic variable from the average value of that variable

32
Q

acoustic variable

A

changes that occur within a medium as a result of sound traveling through that medium

33
Q

acoustic speckle

A

the interference pattern caused by scatterers that produces the granular appearance of tissue on a sonographic image

34
Q

particle motion

A

the movement of molecules due to propagating sound energy

35
Q

path length

A

distance to the reflector

36
Q

period time

A

time it takes for one cycle to occur

37
Q

piezoelectric materials

A

a material that generates electricity when pressure is applied to it, and one that changes shape when electricity is applied to it

38
Q

power

A

the rate at which work is performed or energy is transmitted

39
Q

pressure

A

force per unit area or the concentration of force

40
Q

propagate

A

to transmit through a medium

41
Q

propagation speed

A

the speed at which a sound wave travels through a medium

42
Q

pulse duration

A

the time during which the sound is being transmitted; the “on” time

43
Q

pulse repetition frequency

A

the number of pulses of sound produced in one second

44
Q

pulse repetition period

A

the time taken for a pulse to occur

45
Q

pulse wave

A

sound that is sent out in pulses

46
Q

rarefaction

A

an area in the sound wave of low pressure and density

47
Q

rate

A

the fixed quantity owed as the sound beam travels through tissue

48
Q

Rayleigh scatterers

A

small scattering reflectors

49
Q

reflection

A

the echo; the portion of sound that returns from an interface

50
Q

refraction

A

the change in the direction of the transmitted sound beam that occurs with oblique incidence angles and dissimilar propagation speeds

51
Q

scattering

A

the phenomenon that occurs when sound waves are dispersed into different directions because of the small reflector side compared with the incident wavelength

52
Q

Snell’s law

A

law used to describe the angle of transmission at an interface based on the angle of incidence and propagation speeds of the two media

53
Q

sound

A

a traveling variation in pressure

54
Q

spatial pulse length

A

the length of a pulse

55
Q

specular reflections

A

reflections that occur when the sound impinges upon a large, smooth reflector at a 90 degree angle

56
Q

stiffness

A

the ability of an object to resist compression and relates to the hardness of a medium

57
Q

total attenuation

A

the total amount of sound that has been attenuated at a given depth

58
Q

ultrasound

A

sound waves of frequencies exceeding the range of human hearing

59
Q

transverse waves

A

type of wave in which the molecules in a medium vibrate at 90 degrees to the direction of travel

ECHO PROGRAM SEMESTER ONE (6 decks)

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