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SPI School Flashcards > SPI Exam Flash Cards Set #2 > Flashcards

SPI Exam Flash Cards Set #2

1
Q

Digital to analog conversion of the ultrasound signal must occur at what part of the imaging process

A

between the scan converter and the display

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2
Q

What best describes the mechanistic approach to the study of bioeffects

A

cause-effect

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3
Q

The most recent digital storage employs what size memory

A

512 x 512 x 8 bit deep and 256 shades

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4
Q

The principle that states that all points on a wavefront can be considered as point sources for the production of spherical secondary wavelets was postulated by

A

huygens

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5
Q

A needle or membrane hydrophone is used to measure

A

pressure amplitude

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6
Q

What is not associated with CW doppler

A

aliasing

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7
Q

What is necessary additional confirmation required to ensure that the patient you are about to scan is the correct patient

A

date of birth

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8
Q

With an unfocused transducer, what is the narrowest part of the beam where it starts to diverge called

A

focus

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9
Q

The lower useful range of diagnostic ultrasound is determined primarily by _____ whereas, the upper useful range is determined by _____

A

resolution, penetration

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10
Q

Color doppler imaging is a term used to describe

A

a form of color flow imaging

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11
Q

The greatest doppler angle is achieved

A

when the beam strikes a vessel as a 30 degree angle

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12
Q

A doppler exam is performed with a 5 MHz transducer. The maximum doppler shift is measured at 2.5 KHz. If the identical exam is performed with a 2.5 MHz transducer, what max doppler shift will be measured

A

1.25 kHz

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13
Q

Split image artifact is more noticeable in

A

athletic patients and mesomorphic habitus patients

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14
Q

The frame rate in ultrasound is strongly affected by

A

imaging depth

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15
Q

What is the most common artifact in doppler ultrasound

A

aliasing

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16
Q

High frequency transducers have

A

shorter wavelengths and less penetration

17
Q

What transducer will exhibit the LEAST amount of volume averaging

A

1.5D or multi-row array

18
Q

The frequency of a transducer depends primarily on what

A

the element thickness

19
Q

What would not typically be related to ultrasound bioeffects

A

high frequency transducer

20
Q

A doppler instrument that can distinguish between positive and negative shifts is called

A

bidirectional

21
Q

Reverberation artifacts are a result of

A

the presence of two or more strong reflecting surfaces

22
Q

What is the highest amount of output intensity typically utilized in diagnostic ultrasound

A

pulse wave doppler with real time imaging

23
Q

A circle of hyperechoic structure is located at a depth of 5cm. The structure has abnormally low attenuation and the speed of sound in the mass is 1400 m/s. What artifact is most likely to appear beneath the structureq

A

reflections beneath the structure appear abnormally deep in the image

24
Q

Generally, ultrasound transducers have

A

better axial resolution than lateral resolution

25
Q

What is the purpose of employing an acoustic lens on transducers

A

narrowing of the ultrasound beam

26
Q

If the number of cycles in a pulse is increased but the wavelength remains the same, what is true

A

the pulse duration is increased

27
Q

The AIUM committee on biological effects in 1991 stated what biologic effects with the use of ultrasound intensities below SPTA 100 mW/cm^2

A

has no confirmed effects in mamillar

28
Q

When the piezoelectric crystal continues to vibrate after the initial voltage pulse, this is referred to as

A

ring down time

29
Q

A region that is hyperechoic is

A

echogenic

30
Q

The intensity of ultrasound is measured in

A

W/cm^2

31
Q

Lateral resolution is

A

affected by beam diameter, affected by aperture size and acoustic lens, improved at the focal zone, improved with increased frequency

32
Q

The thermal paper printer is not working, what is the first step

A

check for a paper jam

33
Q

The strength of the echo in B-mode ultrasound is displayed as

A

pixel brightness

34
Q

What are the two types of cavitation

A

stable and transient

35
Q

What is the angle at which total reflection occurs called

A

critical angle

36
Q

Real-time ultrasound transducers can be classified as

A

phased, linear, annular, vector

37
Q

An 8-bit word micro computer with 128k words of memory can store how many bits of data

A

1024

38
Q

Turbulence in a vascular color flow image appears as

A

pattern of colors, pattern of red and blue with changing saturations

SPI School Flashcards (5 decks)

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