Spina Befinda 2 Flashcards
(12 cards)
What is Spina Bifida?
Spina Bifida literally means ‘split spine.’ It is a neural tube defect that occurs in utero when the spinal column does not close fully, typically in the first month of pregnancy. It is the most common neural tube defect.
What are the three distinct types of Spina Bifida?
The three distinct types of Spina Bifida are myelomeningocele, meningocele, and occulta.
What is myelomeningocele?
Myelomeningocele is the most severe and common form of Spina Bifida, where the meninges and spinal nerves come through the open part of the spine, causing nerve and spinal cord damage. Urgent surgical treatment is necessary to minimize further damage.
What are the effects of myelomeningocele?
Myelomeningocele can lead to partial or complete paralysis, and bowel and bladder function are frequently affected.
What is meningocele?
Meningocele is the second most severe form of Spina Bifida, where the protective coatings (meninges) come through the spine like a sac, but the spinal cord remains intact, usually resulting in no nerve damage.
How does meningocele affect physical development?
Individuals with meningocele typically have better physical development and bowel and bladder control compared to those with myelomeningocele.
What is occulta?
Occulta, often called Hidden Spina Bifida, is a relatively harmless form where the spinal cord and nerves are usually normal, with a small defect in a few vertebrae. There may be no evident impairments at birth.
What are the potential long-term effects of occulta?
Subtle, progressive neurologic deterioration may become evident in later childhood or adulthood, but many instances are so mild that there is no disturbance of spinal function at all.
What percentage of individuals with myelomeningocele and meningocele develop hydrocephalus?
70-90% of individuals with myelomeningocele and meningocele will develop hydrocephalus, either in utero or after birth.
What is hydrocephalus?
Hydrocephalus is the excessive accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in and around the brain, leading to an enlarged head and possible neurological damage.
What are the potential effects of untreated hydrocephalus?
Untreated hydrocephalus can result in impaired vision, hearing, mobility, coordination, seizures, headaches, hormonal imbalance, and learning disabilities.
How is hydrocephalus treated?
Treatment for hydrocephalus usually involves surgically implanting a shunt to drain excess cerebrospinal fluid, which can help maintain intelligence and lifespan similar to the general population.
