Spinal

Question 1

At what level does the spinal cord terminate

Answer 1

L1/2

Question 2

List (in order of severity) the disc injury types

Answer 2

1. Annular tear
2. Bulge
3. Protrusion
4. Extrusion
5. Sequestration

Question 3

What is the myotome for elbow flexion

Answer 3

C5

Question 4

What is the myotome for wrist extension

Answer 4

C6

Question 5

What is the myotome for wrist flexion or finger extension

Answer 5

C7

Question 6

What is the myotome for finger flexion

Answer 6

C8

Question 7

What is the myotome for finger abduction

Answer 7

T1

Question 8

What is the myotome for hip abduction

Answer 8

L1,2

Question 9

What is the myotome for knee extension

Answer 9

L3,4

Question 10

What is the myotome for knee flexion

Answer 10

L5, S1

Question 11

What is the myotome for great toe extension?

Answer 11

L5

Question 12

What is the myotome for great toe flexion?

Answer 12

S1

Question 13

What is the tendon reflex for biceps ?

Answer 13

C5

Question 14

What is the tendon reflex for brachioradialis?

Answer 14

C6

Question 15

What is the tendon reflex for triceps ?

Answer 15

C7

Question 16

What is the tendon reflex for quads?

Answer 16

L3,4

Question 17

What is the tendon reflex for achilles tendon?

Answer 17

L5, S1

Question 18

Referred pain down the anterior thigh may involve which dermatomes?

Answer 18

L2-4

Question 19

Referred pain down the lateral shin may involve which dermatomes?

Answer 19

L5

Question 20

Referred pain down the lateral border of the foot may involve which dermatomes?

Answer 20

S1

Question 21

Referred pain/sensory changes in the big toe may involve which dermatomes?

Answer 21

L4, maybe L5

Question 22

What myotome is implicated when people with back pain cannot easily walk on their toes

Answer 22

S1

Question 23

What myotome is implicated when someone cannot walk on the heels of their feet ?

Answer 23

L4

Question 24

What myotome is implicated with glute max

Answer 24

L3

Question 25

List four features of a Z-joint pattern

Answer 25

1. Back pain greater on one side 2. Lumbar extension is painful 3. Ipsilateral lateral flexion painful 4. Unilateral PA painful

Question 26

The paper by Schafer describes 4 Hierarchical classifications for back pain. What are they (in order)?

Answer 26

1. Neuropathic sensitisation 2. Denervation 3. Peripheral nerve sensitisation 4. Musculoskeletal

Question 27

What type of back and leg pain benefits from opening gliders and neural mobilisation

Answer 27

1. PNS

Question 28

The LANSS assess for NS. List some of the signs and symptoms

Answer 28

Distal pain Paraesthesia Autonomic changes Burning Allodynia Hyperalgesia Paroxysmal pain

Question 29

What paper demonstrates increased odds of pain in those with disc and vertebral changes on MRI

Answer 29

Brinkki, 2015 systematic review

Question 30

Why is important to know the level of bulge relevant to the conus medullaris ?

Answer 30

If UMN signs are present, then the problem is higher than L1/2 (conus medullaris)

Question 31

Most disc bulges are where?

Answer 31

Central or paracentral

Question 32

What type of disc bulge may be painful in flexion

Answer 32

Paracentral

Question 33

What type of disc bulge may be painful in extension ?

Answer 33

Foraminal

Question 34

How many of the Laslett cluster need to be positive for a positive cluster

Answer 34

3/5

Question 35

How do you test the L4 nerve root?

Answer 35

Dorsiflexion and inversion

Question 36

How do you test the L5 nerve root?

Answer 36

Big toe extension

Question 37

How do you test the S1 nerve root?

Answer 37

Calf raise in standing

Question 38

What nerve root does the bicep reflex test?

Answer 38

C6

Question 39

The triceps reflex tests what nerve root?

Answer 39

C7

Question 40

How do we test C5 nerve root?

Answer 40

Shoulder abduction

Question 41

How do we test C6 nerve root?

Answer 41

Elbow flexion

Question 42

How do we test C7 nerve root?

Answer 42

Elbow extension

Question 43

How do we test C8 nerve root?

Answer 43

Extension of thumb

Question 44

How do we test T1 nerve root?

Answer 44

Finger intrinsics - must have MCP flexed to 90, IP’s extended and resisted adduction of fingers

Question 45

List in order from C5 down, how you would conduct a sensation exam?

Answer 45

1. Radial sided forearm 2. Tip of thumb 3. Tip of middle finger 4. Tip of little finger 5. Ulnar sided forearm

Question 46

What two factors need to be present for a neuro dynamic test to be considered positive ?

Answer 46

1. Reproduces familiar symptoms 2. Structural differentiation

Question 47

What tests are involved in the sij clusters (4)

Answer 47

1. Pelvic torsion or Gaenslens 2. Posterior shear 3. Compression 4. Distraction