Spinal

Question 1

What are the regions of the spine

Answer 1

Cervical
Thoratic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccyx

Question 2

What are the key joints of the spine

Answer 2

Atlanto - occipital
Atlantoaxial
Intervertebral
Lumosacral

Question 3

Where is the atlato-occipital joint

Answer 3

Between atlas and occipital conches of the skull

Question 4

Where is the atlantoaxial joint

Answer 4

Between the atlas as the axis

Question 5

Where is the intervertebral joint

Answer 5

Between vertebrae

Question 6

Where is lumbrosacral joint

Answer 6

Between lumbar and sacral

Question 7

What is the atlas

Answer 7

First cervical vertebrae

Question 8

Where is the axis

Answer 8

Second cervical vertebra

Question 9

Where is the rib facet joint

Answer 9

Thoratic regions

Question 10

How many of each vertebrae are there

Answer 10

C x 7
T x 12
L x 5
S
C

Question 11

What happens to vertebral bodies as you go down

Answer 11

Get bigger

Question 12

What are the anatomical features of a vertebrae

Answer 12

Body
Foramen (hole)
Spinous process (point in middle)
Transverse processes (on sides)

Question 13

Where does the spinal chord sit

Answer 13

Through foramen

Question 14

What is between each vertebrae

Answer 14

Intervertebral disks

Question 15

Where do nerves pass

Answer 15

Through intervertebral, not vertebral foramen

Formed by overlapping of spinous processes

Question 16

What are the deformations of the spine

Answer 16

Kyphosis
Lordosis
Scoliosis

Question 17

What are lordosis and kyphosis

Answer 17

Kyphosis is head forward, lordosis is pelvis forward

Question 18

What happens when we lift with poor posture

Answer 18

Compression on front of intervertebral disk, squeezes content toward the back

Causes herniated disks,prolapsed disks

Question 19

What may happen with a prolapsed disk

Answer 19

Associated pain or muscle weakness to body area

Question 20

What are the movement of the lumbar spine and what do they look like

Answer 20

Lumbar flexion - sit up
Lumbar extension- dish
Lumbar rotation - twist
Lunar lateral extension- lean to one side

Question 21

What does lumbar flexion cause with regards to the pelvic girdle

Answer 21

Anterior pelvic rotation

Question 22

What does lumbar extension cause with regards to the pelvic girdle

Answer 22

Posterior pelvic rotation

Question 23

What are the main abdominal muscles

Answer 23

Rectus abdominis

Obliques, internal and external

Transverse abdominis

Question 24

Where does the rectus abdominis insert and origin

Answer 24

I - cartilage of rib 5,6,7
O - crest of pubis

Question 25

What is the middle attachment line of the rectus abdominis called

Answer 25

Linea alba

Question 26

What are the lines between and called

Answer 26

Tendinous inscriptions

Question 27

What muscles allow rotation

Answer 27

Obliques, external and internal

Question 28

Where do the external obliques inset and originate

Answer 28

Insert, crest of ilium Originate, lower eight ribs

Question 29

Where do the internal obliques insert and originate

Answer 29

O, crest of ilium I, costal cartilage of 8 9 10 ribs

Question 30

What is the role of the transverse abdominis

Answer 30

Core stability Abdominal pressure Forced expiration by pulling abdominal wall inwards

Question 31

What muscle causes extension of the spine

Answer 31

Erector spinae (Posterior muscles)

Question 32

Where do the erector spinae originate and insert

Answer 32

Spinous processes

Question 33

What are the posterior spinal muscles

Answer 33

Erector spinae Quadratus lumborum

Question 34

What is the role of the quadratus lamborum

Answer 34

Stabilisation of pelvis and lumbar spine Core stability and posture

Question 35

Where does the quadratus lumborae insert and originate

Answer 35

I 12th rib and L 1-4 O iliac crest