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106 Spine > Spinal Anatomy > Flashcards

Spinal Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

2 short thick processes

A

Pedicles

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2
Q

Pedicles join the flat laminate to form the…

A

Vertebral arch

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3
Q

Spinal cited is surrounded by…..

A

Vertebral foramen

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4
Q

Pedicles have superior and inferior indentations called….

A

Vertebral notches

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5
Q

7 processes arise from the….

A

Vertebral arch

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6
Q

Where do the spinal muscles attach?

A

Spinous and transverse processes

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7
Q

Where do the spinal muscles attach?

A

Spinous and transverse processes

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8
Q

Superior articular processes project…

A

Superiorly

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9
Q

Superior articular processes articulating surfaces are called ….

A

Facets

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10
Q

Superior and inferior facets are what type of joints…

A

Facet joints or intervertebral joints (plane)

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11
Q

Cervical vertebral arches are…..

A

Large

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12
Q

Cervical vertebrae have ……… foramina

A

3

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13
Q

C1

A

Atlas

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14
Q

C1 has ….. lateral masses

A

Large!

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15
Q

NO body and NO spinous process

A

C1

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16
Q

Concave superior lateral masses are known as………………facets

A

Superior articular facets

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17
Q

C1 superior surfaces of the lateral masses are

A

concave

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18
Q

Atlanto-occipital joints are…. joints

A

Condyloid

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19
Q

C1 permits …. movement

A

Yes- nod

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20
Q

C1 …………………..of the lateral masses, and the inferior …………..articulate with C2

A

inferior surfaces

articular facets

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21
Q

Ondontoid process on….

A

C2

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22
Q

Peg makes a pivot, permits…

A

NO movement

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23
Q

Anterior arch of atlas + ondontoid =

A

Atlanto-axial joint- pivot

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24
Q

C…? Can be felt at base of neck

A

C7

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25
Q

T1 & T2 have_____,________&________ directed spinous processes

A

Long, laterally flattened and inferiorly

26
Q

T11 and T12 spinous processes are______,______ and directed______

A

Shorter, broader , posteriorly

27
Q

Thoracic vertebrae articulate with..

A

Ribs

28
Q

Thoracic transverse processes are ……… &………. than cervical

A

Longer and larger

29
Q

The bodies of T-spine also have ……..for articulation with ….of ribs

A

Facets/demi facets, Head of rib

30
Q

Articulation between t-spines and ribs are called

A

Vertebro-costal joints

31
Q

Largest and strongest vertebrae?

A

L1-5

32
Q

L processes are…… and…..

A

Short and thick

33
Q

Lumbar Superior articular processes are directed…

A

Medially

34
Q

L inferior articular processes are directed…

A

Medially

35
Q

Lumbar spinous processes are….

A

Quadrilateral , thick and broad and project nearly straight posteriorly

36
Q

transverse processes and transverse foramina of the atlas are quite

A

large

37
Q

abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column, which can affect all or part of the spine.

A

scoliosis

38
Q

scoliosis radiographic appearance

A

Asymmetry across intervertebral joints,
medio-lateral narrowing and widening throughout the
joints spaces
Trabeculae pattern and cortical margins should be intact.

39
Q

Loss of lordosis

A

Loss of natural antero-posterior curvature of the cervical or lumbar spine.

40
Q

Kyphosis

A

An increase in anterior thoracic curve of the vertebral column.

41
Q

Congenital kyphosis

A

-due to incorrect foetal development of spinal curvature.

42
Q

Scheuermann’s disease

A

is a form of osteo-chondritis which affects vertebrae, causing kyphosis.
It becomes apparent in teenagers.
It may impinge the spinal cord and/or put pressure on internal organs.

43
Q

Torticollis

A

Asymmetrical alignment of neck caused by muscle spasm

44
Q

spina bifida occulta

A

neural tube defect where there is a flaw in the fusion of

the laminae and/or spinous process forming the neural arch.

45
Q

spina bifida occulta radiographic features

A

Evidenced by smooth cortical outline of laminae, which have not fused to form spinous process.

Midline bony defect of laminae/spinous process of affected vertebra.

46
Q

Spondylosis

A

degenerative changes to spinal joints & foramina. The annulus fibrosus is weakened and the water content of nucleus pulposae is decreased. The disc becomes less shock absorbent, its height decreases and the joint space reduced.

47
Q

spondylosis radiographic features

A

Radiographic Features
Osteophytic lipping, sub-chondral sclerosis, reduced disc height
and reduced joint space.

48
Q

Ankylosing spondylitis

A

Chronic inflammatory disease, can lead to complete fusion and spinal rigidity

49
Q

What happens during ankylosing Spondylitis?

A

The fibres of the annulus fibrosis ossify, form osteophytes and grow towards the adjoining vertebrae . Interspinous ligament ossifies and forms BAMBOO appearance

50
Q

Spondylitis radiographic features

A

Paravertebral ossification, si joints affected, subchondral bony erosions

51
Q

Spondylolisis

A

A fault across the pars interarticularis

52
Q

Spondylolisthesis

A

Slipping of the vertebra due to weakened or fractured pars articularis

53
Q

Jefferson #

A

Burst of C1-axial compression

54
Q

Jefferson# radiographic appearance

A

Asymmetry about the Odontoid peg

55
Q

Odontoid dens # types

A

Type 1 tip#
Type 2 base or neck#
Type 3 #extends into body of axis

56
Q

Hangman’s #

A

of neural arch of c2, pars interarticularis

57
Q

Teardrop #

A

Anterior inferior vertebral BODY #

58
Q

From t9-10 greater chance of # because

A

Ribs are not stabilising and restricting rotation and flexion

59
Q

Chance #

A

Flexion distraction- vertebrae pulled apart, thoracolumbar junction common, I.e. pelvis stabilised whilst body thrown fwd as in RTA

60
Q

Prolapsed intervertebral disc

A

PID-overdue pressure causes nucleus pulposus to herniate posteriorly or into adjacent vertebral bodies

61
Q

PID common in which vertebrae ?

A

Lumbar due to weight bearing role

106 Spine (2 decks)

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