Spinal Anatomy

Question 1

2 short thick processes

Answer 1

Pedicles

Question 2

Pedicles join the flat laminate to form the…

Answer 2

Vertebral arch

Question 3

Spinal cited is surrounded by…..

Answer 3

Vertebral foramen

Question 4

Pedicles have superior and inferior indentations called….

Answer 4

Vertebral notches

Question 5

7 processes arise from the….

Answer 5

Vertebral arch

Question 6

Where do the spinal muscles attach?

Answer 6

Spinous and transverse processes

Question 7

Where do the spinal muscles attach?

Answer 7

Spinous and transverse processes

Question 8

Superior articular processes project…

Answer 8

Superiorly

Question 9

Superior articular processes articulating surfaces are called ….

Answer 9

Facets

Question 10

Superior and inferior facets are what type of joints…

Answer 10

Facet joints or intervertebral joints (plane)

Question 11

Cervical vertebral arches are…..

Answer 11

Large

Question 12

Cervical vertebrae have ……… foramina

Answer 12

3

Question 13

C1

Answer 13

Atlas

Question 14

C1 has ….. lateral masses

Answer 14

Large!

Question 15

NO body and NO spinous process

Answer 15

C1

Question 16

Concave superior lateral masses are known as………………facets

Answer 16

Superior articular facets

Question 17

C1 superior surfaces of the lateral masses are

Answer 17

concave

Question 18

Atlanto-occipital joints are…. joints

Answer 18

Condyloid

Question 19

C1 permits …. movement

Answer 19

Yes- nod

Question 20

C1 …………………..of the lateral masses, and the inferior …………..articulate with C2

Answer 20

inferior surfaces

articular facets

Question 21

Ondontoid process on….

Answer 21

C2

Question 22

Peg makes a pivot, permits…

Answer 22

NO movement

Question 23

Anterior arch of atlas + ondontoid =

Answer 23

Atlanto-axial joint- pivot

Question 24

C…? Can be felt at base of neck

Answer 24

C7

Question 25

T1 & T2 have_____,________&________ directed spinous processes

Answer 25

Long, laterally flattened and inferiorly

Question 26

T11 and T12 spinous processes are______,______ and directed______

Answer 26

Shorter, broader , posteriorly

Question 27

Thoracic vertebrae articulate with..

Answer 27

Ribs

Question 28

Thoracic transverse processes are ……… &………. than cervical

Answer 28

Longer and larger

Question 29

The bodies of T-spine also have ........for articulation with ....of ribs

Answer 29

Facets/demi facets, Head of rib

Question 30

Articulation between t-spines and ribs are called

Answer 30

Vertebro-costal joints

Question 31

Largest and strongest vertebrae?

Answer 31

L1-5

Question 32

L processes are...... and.....

Answer 32

Short and thick

Question 33

Lumbar Superior articular processes are directed...

Answer 33

Medially

Question 34

L inferior articular processes are directed...

Answer 34

Medially

Question 35

Lumbar spinous processes are....

Answer 35

Quadrilateral , thick and broad and project nearly straight posteriorly

Question 36

transverse processes and transverse foramina of the atlas are quite

Answer 36

large

Question 37

abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column, which can affect all or part of the spine.

Answer 37

scoliosis

Question 38

scoliosis radiographic appearance

Answer 38

Asymmetry across intervertebral joints, medio-lateral narrowing and widening throughout the joints spaces Trabeculae pattern and cortical margins should be intact.

Question 39

Loss of lordosis

Answer 39

Loss of natural antero-posterior curvature of the cervical or lumbar spine.

Question 40

Kyphosis

Answer 40

An increase in anterior thoracic curve of the vertebral column.

Question 41

Congenital kyphosis

Answer 41

-due to incorrect foetal development of spinal curvature.

Question 42

Scheuermann's disease

Answer 42

is a form of osteo-chondritis which affects vertebrae, causing kyphosis. It becomes apparent in teenagers. It may impinge the spinal cord and/or put pressure on internal organs.

Question 43

Torticollis

Answer 43

Asymmetrical alignment of neck caused by muscle spasm

Question 44

spina bifida occulta

Answer 44

neural tube defect where there is a flaw in the fusion of | the laminae and/or spinous process forming the neural arch.

Question 45

spina bifida occulta radiographic features

Answer 45

Evidenced by smooth cortical outline of laminae, which have not fused to form spinous process. Midline bony defect of laminae/spinous process of affected vertebra.

Question 46

Spondylosis

Answer 46

degenerative changes to spinal joints & foramina. The annulus fibrosus is weakened and the water content of nucleus pulposae is decreased. The disc becomes less shock absorbent, its height decreases and the joint space reduced.

Question 47

spondylosis radiographic features

Answer 47

Radiographic Features Osteophytic lipping, sub-chondral sclerosis, reduced disc height and reduced joint space.

Question 48

Ankylosing spondylitis

Answer 48

Chronic inflammatory disease, can lead to complete fusion and spinal rigidity

Question 49

What happens during ankylosing Spondylitis?

Answer 49

The fibres of the annulus fibrosis ossify, form osteophytes and grow towards the adjoining vertebrae . Interspinous ligament ossifies and forms BAMBOO appearance

Question 50

Spondylitis radiographic features

Answer 50

Paravertebral ossification, si joints affected, subchondral bony erosions

Question 51

Spondylolisis

Answer 51

A fault across the pars interarticularis

Question 52

Spondylolisthesis

Answer 52

Slipping of the vertebra due to weakened or fractured pars articularis

Question 53

Jefferson #

Answer 53

Burst of C1-axial compression

Question 54

Jefferson# radiographic appearance

Answer 54

Asymmetry about the Odontoid peg

Question 55

Odontoid dens # types

Answer 55

Type 1 tip# Type 2 base or neck# Type 3 #extends into body of axis

Question 56

Hangman’s #

Answer 56

#of neural arch of c2, pars interarticularis

Question 57

Teardrop #

Answer 57

Anterior inferior vertebral BODY #

Question 58

From t9-10 greater chance of # because

Answer 58

Ribs are not stabilising and restricting rotation and flexion

Question 59

Chance #

Answer 59

Flexion distraction- vertebrae pulled apart, thoracolumbar junction common, I.e. pelvis stabilised whilst body thrown fwd as in RTA

Question 60

Prolapsed intervertebral disc

Answer 60

PID-overdue pressure causes nucleus pulposus to herniate posteriorly or into adjacent vertebral bodies

Question 61

PID common in which vertebrae ?

Answer 61

Lumbar due to weight bearing role