Spinal Anatomy - Exam 2

Question 1

Identify the additional name that is given to “Developmental/age variation”

Answer 1

Oncogenic variation

Question 2

Identify the additional name that is given to “Individual variation”

Answer 2

Idiosyncratic variation

Question 3

Identify the additional name that is given to “gender variation”

Answer 3

Sexual dimorphism

Question 4

Identify the additional name that is given to “ethnicity/locational variation”

Answer 4

Geographic variation or Population based variation

Question 5

For the articular facet orientation listed, identify (a) which facet is implied (superior or inferior) and (b) all vertebrae which demonstrate that orientation:

Back, Up, Medial

Answer 5

Superior

C1
C3-C7
L1-L5
S1

Question 6

For the articular facet orientation listed, identify (a) which facet is implied (superior or inferior) and (b) all vertebrae which demonstrate that orientation:

Forward, Down, Medial

Answer 6

Inferior

C7
T1-T11

Question 7

For the articular facet orientation listed, identify (a) which facet is implied (superior or inferior) and (b) all vertebrae which demonstrate that orientation:

Back, Down, Medial

Answer 7

Inferior

C1

Question 8

List, in order, the ligaments forming the anterior boundary of the spinal canal from occiput to Co1.

Answer 8

1. Membrana tectoria
2. Posterior longitudinal ligament
3. Deep posterior sacrococcygeal ligament

Question 9

For the segment listed, identify the total number of vertebral body joints as stressed in class:

C1

Answer 9

0

Question 10

For the segment listed, identify the total number of vertebral body joints as stressed in class:

C7

Answer 10

8

Question 11

For the segment listed, identify the total number of vertebral body joints as stressed in class:

T1

Answer 11

10

Question 12

For the segment listed, identify the total number of vertebral body joints as stressed in class:

T10

Answer 12

8

Question 13

For the segment listed, identify the total number of vertebral body joints as stressed in class:

L1

Answer 13

6

Question 14

At what vertebral level is dimpling of the back at the spinous process location observed?

Answer 14

T10

Question 15

How are (a) the spinal nerve number and (b) the rib number related to vertebral numbers in a typical thoracic intervertebral foramen?

Answer 15

a. Spinal nerve number same as vertebra above

b. Rib number same as vertebral number below

Question 16

What osseous conditions of lumbar vertebrae facilitate a spinal tap in this region?

Answer 16

a. Decrease shingling (overlap) of lamina

b. Decrease imbrication (overlap) of spinous process

Question 17

Identify the functions of the cervical Hoffmann ligaments as discussed in class.

Answer 17

1. Resist gravitational pull on dura in neutral position

2. Resist caudal pull on dura during motion

Question 18

What are the names given to the condition present when AP X-ray reveals a right zygapophysis in the coronal plane and the left zygapophysis of the same vertebral couple in the sagittal plane?

Answer 18

1. Joint tropism

2. Joint asymmetry

Question 19

Identify the unique name/names given ONLY to the following:

C2

Answer 19

Axis, Epistropheus

Question 20

Identify the unique name/names given ONLY to the following:

C7

Answer 20

Vertebra Prominens

Question 21

Identify the unique name/names given ONLY to the following:

T11

Answer 21

Anticlinal vertebra

Question 22

What forms the unique osseous anterior boundary for the intervertebral foramen accommodating the exit of the seventh cervical spinal nerve? Vertebral level of each feature is a requirement in your answer.

Answer 22

1. Lateral groove of C6

2. Uncinate process of C7

Question 23

Which mammals have less than seven cervical vertebrae?

Answer 23

Two-toed sloth, Manatee

Question 24

Most of the gray matter of the spinal cord is directly supplied by which artery?

Answer 24

Anterior perforating artery

Question 25

Which spinal nerves typically originate from the lumbar enlargement?

Answer 25

L1-S3

Question 26

What is the name given to the first indicator of where the IVD will be located?

Answer 26

Intrasclerotomal fissure

Question 27

What are the vascular components of the epidural space?

Answer 27

Anterior and posterior spinal canal artery and plexus Anterior and posterior internal vertebral venous plexus Basivertebral vein

Question 28

Which vertebra is associated with arthrodial, trochoid, ellipsoidal, and syndesmosis joint classifications?

Answer 28

C1

Question 29

The ________ forms a feature unique to the second rib.

Answer 29

Serratus anterior muscle

Question 30

The _______ joint is an example of a diarthrosis trochoid joint

Answer 30

Median atlanto-axial

Question 31

Which ligament will be present at the twelfth rib?

Answer 31

Superior costotransverse ligament

Question 32

What is the first embryological indicator of the intervertebral disc?

Answer 32

Intrasclerotomal fissure

Question 33

What term may result in the X-ray appearance of the collared Scotty dog?

Answer 33

Spondylolysis

Question 34

What ligament will attach the vertebral body to the transverse process?

Answer 34

Costocentral radiate ligament

Question 35

What joint classification is unique to all thoracic vertebral bodies?

Answer 35

Arthrodia

Question 36

What is the classification of the odontoid process when the tip of the dens is pulled forward?

Answer 36

Kyphotic dens

Question 37

Which muscle-bone attachment site is correct?

Answer 37

Multifidis - Mammillary process of L4

Question 38

In males, the C1 transverse diameter is about _____ millimeters, the distance from the transverse process to the skin is about _____ millimeters.

Answer 38

78, 30

Question 39

What is characteristic of the C5/C6 vertebral couple region (compared with other typical cervical vertebral couples)?

Answer 39

Cervical spondylolysis is more common in males at this level.

Question 40

What will be present near the ligamentum flavum?

Answer 40

Posterior spinal canal artery

Question 41

In general, variations of skeletal material along the vertebral column will be more common in men at locations that are ______ than those for women.

Answer 41

Lower

Question 42

Which cranial nerve requires a horizontal plane at its terminal site?

Answer 42

CN II

Question 43

The obliquus capitis inferior is the only muscle attaching to the _______ of the vertebra.

Answer 43

Lamina

Question 44

Which feature - vertebral segment combination is LEAST likely to occur?

Answer 44

Uncovertebral process - C2