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Part 1 Boards > Spinal Anatomy Pt 1 > Flashcards

Spinal Anatomy Pt 1 Flashcards

(46 cards)

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1
Q

Vertebra Develop from ________

A

mesoderm

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2
Q

_______ gives rise to the development of the vertebral column and spinal cord

A

Notochord

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3
Q

_______ gives rise to the nucleus pulposus of the IVD

A

Notochord

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4
Q

the notochord persists as what structure in the IVD

A

Nucleus Pulposus

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5
Q

Condensations of mesoderm that form around the Notochord called _______

A

Somites

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6
Q

What develops from somites?

A

Sclerotomes (Vertebrae)
Myotomes (Muscle)
Dermatomes (Peripheral Nerves and Skin)

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7
Q

What are the three primary ossification centers of Vertebrae

A

Centrum (body)

R and L Neural Arches

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8
Q

What are the secondary Ossification centers fro the vertebrae

A

Spinous Process
R and L Transverse Process
Top and Bottom vertebral Endplates

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9
Q

What are the 4 different Myotomes and what develops from each of them?

A

Somatic - skeletal muscle
splanchnic - smooth muscle
epimere - extensor muscles
hypomere - flexor muscles

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10
Q

What is the name of the process by which mesoderm is replaces by cartilage

A

Chondrification

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11
Q

what is the name of the process by which cartilage is replaced by bone?

A

Ossification

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12
Q

What are the two types of ossification? What is the difference?

A

Intramembranous - bone formed within a membrane

Intracartilagenous - bone formed within cartilage

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13
Q

What are Unique cervical vertebra characteristics

A

Body Shape - Rectangular
Bifid Spinous
Transverse Formina
Anterior and Posterior Tubercles on Transverse

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14
Q

What are Unique Thoracic Vertebra Characteristics

A

Body Shape - Heart Shaped
Sloped Spinous
Costal Facets on body and Transverse Process

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15
Q

What are unique lumbar vertebra Characteristics

A

Body Shape - Kidney
Quadrangular Spinous Process
Mammilary and Accessory process

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16
Q

What are the Atypical Cervical Vertebra? What are their Features?

A

C1 - Atlas - No Body, Lateral Masses, Ant and Post Arch with Groove for vertebral artery

C2 - Axis - Dens (Odontoid)

C6 - Carotid Tubercle

C7 - Vertebral Prominens

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17
Q

What are the Facet Orientations in the Spine?

A 
Cervical - Sup = BUM in coronal plane
                   Inf = AIL
Thoracic - Sup = BUL in coronal plane
                    Inf = AIM
Lumbar - Sup = BM in Sagital Plane
                   Inf = AIL
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18
Q

______ ligament runs from sacrum to occiput and prevents hyperextension

A

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

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19
Q

Which ligament is thicker and stronger?
A) ALL
B) PLL

20
Q

_______ ligament funs from C2 to sacrum and prevents Hyperflexion

Study These Flashcards
A

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

21
Q

What does the PLL continue as about C2?

Study These Flashcards
A

Tentorial Membrane

22
Q

_____ ligament connects the tips of spinous processes and prevents hyperflexion

Study These Flashcards
A

Supraspinous ligament

23
Q

What ligament is the nuchal ligament a continuation of? where does the transition from this ligament into nuchal ligament occur?

Study These Flashcards
A

Supraspinous Ligament

- Turns into Nuchal ligament at C7

24
Q

_______ ligament runs in between spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae

25
What motion does interspinous ligament limit?
Flexion
26
_______ connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae and limits flexion
Ligamentum Flavum
27
Which ligament in the spinal column contains a lot of elastic tissue and prevents buckling in extension
Ligamentum Flavum
28
_______ ligament runs between transverse processes and limits lateral bending
Intertransverse ligament
29
______ ligament runs from the posterolateral aspect of the dens to the medial aspect of the condyles
Alar Ligament
30
What motion does the alar ligament help prevent
Axial Rotation
31
______ ligament runs from the apex of the dens to the anterior aspect of the foramen magnum
Apical Ligament
32
What are the parts of the Cruciate Ligament? What motion does this ligament limit collectively
Transverse ligament makes up horizontal aspect of "cross" Superior and Inferior Longitudinal ligaments make up the vertical part of the "cross" limits lateral translation
33
What type of collagen makes up the nucleus propolsus? The annulus fibrosus?
Annulus (outer) - Type 1 | Nucleus (inner) - Type 2
34
The annulus fibrosus is made up of how many concentric laminae? what degree do they run at
15-20 | 65 Degrees from vertical
35
where are the IVD thickest? Thinnest?
Thickest in lumbars | Thinnest in Thoracics
36
how does the IVD gets its nutrients?
By diffusion through vertebral endplates
37
How many IVD's are there?
23 (none between C1 and C2)
38
What are the Boundaries of the IVF
Sup - Pedicle and Inferior Vertebral Notch Ant - IVD and adjacent vertebral bodies Inf - Pedicle and Superior Vertebral Notch Post - Zygapophyseal Joint and Capsule
39
What are the contents of the IVF
Spinal Nerve, Spinal Nerve Roots, Dorsal Root Ganglion, Spinal Artery and Veins, Sinuvertebral Nerves, Fat and Transforaminal Ligaments
40
the spinal canal extends from the _____ to the ____
Foramen Magnum to the bottom of the sacrum
41
What are the Boundaries of the Spinal Canal
Anterior - Vertebral Bodies Posterior - Neural Arch Lateral - Pedicles
42
What are the contents of the spinal canal
Spinal Cord, Spinal nerve roots, Meninges, CSF, Blood vessels and CT
43
In what region of the Spine is the Spinal Canal the smallest? the largest?
Smallest - Thoracic | Largest - Cervical
44
In what region of the spine is the most common site for cord compression
Cervical
45
Where is the spinal cord the widest?
C6
46
What is the shape of the spinal canal in the Cervical region? Thoracic region? Lumbar region?
Cervical - Triangular Thoracic - Oval Lumbar - Triangular

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