Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Large Animal Anatomy Midterm > Spinal And Autonomic Nerves > Flashcards

Spinal And Autonomic Nerves Flashcards

(77 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the disease in the brain called?

A

Encephalopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a disease of the spinal cord called?

A

Myelopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a disease in the peripheral nerves called?

A

Peripheral neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Peripheral neuropathies differ from CNS encephalopathgies and myelopathies by the presence of:

A
  • hyporeflexia and hypotonia
  • denier action atrophy
  • unilateral (!) motor and/or sensory deficits
  • normal. Function cranial and caudal to nerve lesion site
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where would bilateral motor and/or sensory deficits lesion be located?

A

Spinal cord/myelopathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What does a spinal nerve consist of? (4)

A
  • roots
  • main trunk
  • 4 primary branches
  • peripheral branches of the primary branches
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where are roots located?

A

Within the vertebral canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the sensory afferent region/structures of the spinal roots?

A

Dorsal roots and spinal dorsal root ganglia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dorsal roots have what type of function?

A

Afferent/sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the motor efferent structures of the spinal roots?

A

Ventral roots

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Afferents have what type of function?

A

Sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Efferents have what type of function?

A

Motor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Where is the main trunk of the spinal nerves located?

A

Intervertebral foramen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the spinal nerve formula of the horse?

A

C8 T18 L6 S5 Cd7

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the spinal nerve formula for the cow?

A

C8 T13 L6 S5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How is the spinal nerve formula determined?

A

Total number of vertebrae plus 1 cervical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Where does the 1st cervical nerve emerge?

A

Though the lateral vertebral foramen of atlas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Where does the 2nd cervical nerve emerge IN THE DOG?

A

Through the intervertebral foramen between the 1st and 2nd vertebrae.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Where does the 2nd cervical nerve emerge from IN THE HORSE?

A

Though the lateral vertebral foramen of the axis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where does the 8th cervical nerve emerge? (Between who?)

A

Runs through the intervertebral foramen between the 7th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does a laminectomy entail?

A

Take thee top off..of the spinal n. to see underneath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are the 4 Branches of the main trunk of the spinal nerve?

A
  • dorsal
  • ventral
  • meningeal
  • communicating
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What does the dorsal primary branch supply?

A

The dorsal axial/epaxial and skin over dorsal/dorsalateral body area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Who is the largest primary branch of the spinal nerve?

A

Ze ventral primary branch!!!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What does the ventral primary spinal nerve innervate?
- Hypaxial muscles - thoracic and pelvic limbs - skin over these regions
26
The brachial plexus is associated with what primary branch? | Does it synapse here?
Ventral primary branch | No
27
What is an example of a named nerve coming out of the brachial plexus?
Radial nerve
28
What nerves/branches form the lumbosacral region?
Ventral branches of L4-S4
29
What plexus supplies the pelvic limb and perineal region? | What primary branches are associated with it?
Lumbosacral plexus | Ventral branches of L4-S4
30
Who is the smallest branch of the primary branches of the spinal nerve?
Meningeal branch
31
What is the meningeal primary branch involved with/what do they detect?
Noceceptive signals of back injury
32
Where does the communicating branch run to/with?
Runs with the sympathetic trunk and chain ganglia
33
What does the communicating branch do?
Visceral function of autonomic nervous system
34
What do somatic autonomic nerves innervate?
Body wall, skin, subQ tissue, skeletal muscle, joints, tendons, etc
35
What does the visceral peripheral nerves innervate?
Internal organs, smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
36
What do cutaneous nerves innervate?
Skin, smooth muscle around blood vessels (they contain visceral efferent nerve fibers)
37
half of the nerves of the Muscle/motor nerves are muscle _________from muscle propriooceptors.
Afferents
38
Where does a mixed nerve go?
Skin AND muscle
39
What is an example of a mixed nerve?
Femoral nerve
40
What are the functional components of the cutaneous branches of the spinal nerves?
somatic afferents visceral afferents visceral efferents
41
What structures are the visceral afferents and efferents associated with?
blood vessels (receptors and the smooth muscle surrounding them)
42
Visceral efferents are in what type of fiber? (pre/postG; sym/parasym) Where are their cell bodies?
postganglionic sympathetic fibers running in chain ganglia
43
What is a cutaneous area?
area of skin supplied by a given cutaneous nerve
44
What is an example of a cutaneous nerve that innervates a cutaneous area on the hind limb?
Saphenous n. | No motor innervation - cutaneous sensory only
45
What is a autonomous zone?
Area supplied by only 1 cutaneous nerve
46
What is an overlap zone?
Area supplied by more than 1 cut. n.
47
Of the 2 zones of the cutaneous area, which ha the most diagnostic value? Why?
Autonomous zone | Indicates the damage/loss of innervation to one specific nerve
48
What are the differences in a cutaneous area and a dermatome?
Cutaneous area - supplied by a specific cutaneous n. Dermatomes - only specifies the area served by a spinal nerve.
49
What is found in muscle nerves and not in cutaneous nerves?
somatic efferents
50
where can muscle nerves originate from? (which primary branches?)
Dorsal and ventral primary branches
51
What is Sweeny?
muscle atrophy in horse due to damage to the suprascapular nerve. Sensory innervation still intact for that area
52
What are 2 examples of mixed nerves? | Where do they have sensory functions in relation to the limb?
Radial and femoral nerves | distal limbs
53
What type of ganglionic fiber has myelinated fibers, cell bodies in the CNS, and terminate in the periphery?
preganglionic fiber
54
What type of ganglionic fiber has unmyelinated fibers, cell bodies in the periphery, and terminate in either the paravertebral, prevertebral, or terminal ganglia regions?
postganglionic fiber
55
sympathetic nerves have ______ preganglions and ______post ganglions.
short | long
56
parasympathetic neves have _______preGs and _______postGs.
long | short
57
Where do nerves come out from in parasympathetics?
craniosacral division
58
What is another name for the sympathetic division of the ANS?
the thoracosacral division
59
Where are the chain ganglia in paraSyms?
Haha Nope. You have no chain ganglia here!
60
Where do postG ParaSym fibers go?
cardiac muscle, glands, smooth muscle of eye, GIT, resp, and urogenital systems.
61
Where do postG Sym fibers go?
- cardiac muscle, all glands, and all smooth muscles of body | - run in ALL spinal nerves and most of cranial nerves to their peripheral branches
62
What fiber type are these characteristics: "Anabolic Type" operates locally "Rest and Digest"
parasympathetic
63
What fiber type has these characteristics: "catabolic type" operates globally "Fight or flight"
sympathetic
64
Cholinergic parasym postG fibers released what neurotransmitter?
acetylcholine
65
Adrenergic sym postG fibers release what neurotransmitter?
norepiniphrine
66
acetylcholine is from what type of fibers?
parasym postG fibers
67
norepinephrine is from what type of fibers?
sym postG fibers
68
What are the 2 receptors for acetylcholine?
nicotinic and muscarinic
69
Where are nicotinic receptors found? what do they respond to?
- pre/postG junctions of both sym and parasym systems - all somatic neuromuscular junctions (between somatic efferents and skeletal muscle) - respond to acetylcholine
70
Where are muscarinic receptors found and what do they respond to?
- parasym postG effector junction | - acetycholine
71
Where are adrenergic receptors found and what do they respond to?
- sym postG effector junctions | - norepinephrine
72
What is the route of sym nerve fibers to the head/C1/C2 region?
- exit T1 - pass through cervicothoracic ganglion to travel in sympathetic trunk - synapse in cranial cervical ganglion - postG from fibers from C1/C2 go back vua communicating branches - postG for head travel via plexus around internal carotid
73
What does damage to the vagosympathetic trunk do?
- HORNERS!!!!! - eliminates preG to cranial cervical ganglion - ****sympathetic supply to head removed!!!!!
74
What is the route of sym nerve fibers to the abdominal/pelvuc cavities and the genitalia?
- from T8-L3 - enter sympathetic trunk - leave either via splanchnic n. or L1-L4 lumbar splanchnic n. - synapse in prevertebral ganglia - travel to effector organ via arterial plexuses - preGs for pelvis/urogenitals synapse in caudal mesenteric G and postG leave from hypogastric n. to pass through pelviv plexus - PreG to genitals synapse in pelvic plexus or sacral chain G
75
What do the sympathetics do to innervate the body wall? Where do they go and how do they get back?
- from L1-Cd lat horn to sym trunkto synapse in chain G | - back: communicating branch to body wall
76
What is the parasym route for fibers to visceral organs to the transverse colon?
- vagus n. >vagosym trunk>dorsal/ventral vagal trunks>abdominal autonomic plexuses (don't synapse)>terminal G (synapse) in effector organ - short postGs run from terminal G to effector
77
What is the parasym route for fiber to visceral orgasn distal to transverse colon?
-S1-S2>PELVIC N.>pelvic plexus (most synapse here)>others fibers may cont and synapse in terminal G

Large Animal Anatomy Midterm (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions