spinal cord

Question 1

spinal cord

Answer 1

• located in vertebral canal extending from foramen magnum to L1/L2

Question 2

2 enlargements

Answer 2

cervical enlargement

lumbosacral enlargement

Question 3

external features

Answer 3

• conus medullaris - L1/L2 end of spinal cord

- cauda equina- nerve roots, dorsal and ventral

Question 4

development

Answer 4

during fetal life the spinal cord fills the vertebral canal. with growth vertebral column elongates more rapidly than spinal cord creating a longer vertebral column than spinal cord

Question 5

functions of spinal cord

Answer 5

• mediate spinal reflexes

- integration connect brain to peripheral nerves dissenting more and ascending sensory

Question 6

grey matter

Answer 6

biggest in cervical and lumbosacral enlargements that serve the limbs
- contains many interneruons and neuropil ( unmylinated axons)

Question 7

dorsal horn

Answer 7

receive sensory neurons- cell bodies of interneurons

Question 8

ventral horn

Answer 8

motor neuron cell bodies

Question 9

white matter

Answer 9

myelinated fibers

- funiculi divided into 3 segments based on position

Question 10

lateral corticospinal tract

Answer 10

• decending
• control voluntary muscles
• cortex to spinal cord

Question 11

spinothalamic tract

Answer 11

• ascending
• spinal cord to thalamus
  pain and temp sensations to thalamus

Question 12

dorsal fasiculus

Answer 12

• ascending

- 2 tracts that cary tactile discrimination and proprioception.

Question 13

voluntary motor pathway

Answer 13

• cell body in motor cortex and decends to the ventral horn

- lower motor neuron has cell body in ventral horn and axon travels to skeletal muscle (neuromuscular junction)

Question 14

ascending sensory pathway

Answer 14

1. cell body in dorsal root ganglion and synapse in CNS in dorsal root
2. travel up dorsal horn to thalamus
3. neuron goes to cortex

Question 15

spinal meninges: dura matter

Answer 15

tough dense layer, over existing spinal nerves

* epidural space: between dura matter and periosteun of bone filled with loose connective tissue

Question 16

arachnoid matter

Answer 16

spiderlike, more fragile layer

Question 17

pia matter

Answer 17

completely surrounds and adheres to cord very delicate

Question 18

filum terminale

Answer 18

terminal thread of cord, extension of pia matter than atttaches to sacram and anchors the spinal cord

Question 19

denticulate ligaments

Answer 19

attach and extend laterally to dura mater- anchoring

Question 20

meningial spaces

Answer 20

• potential space: between dura and arachnoid mater
• epidural between bone and dura mater
• subarachnoid space: between pia mater and arachnoid mater contains cerebrospinal fluid made by ependymal cells in the brain,

Question 21

Lumbar puncture

Answer 21

dura and arachnoid are punctured. needed inserted into subarachnoid space in L4

Question 22

dorsal posterior rami of spinal nerves

Answer 22

innervate deep back muscles and skin of the back

Question 23

plexus formation- anterior ventral rami

Answer 23

the ventral rami turn into cervical, brachial, lumbar, and sacral plexus

Question 24

blood supply

Answer 24

anterior spinal artery, posterior artery

aorta branches and come in through vertebral foramen to reinforce blood supply