Spinal Cord

Question 1

What is the spinal cord derived from?

Answer 1

ectoderm via the neural tube

Question 2

What trimester is when the neural tube forms and what deficiency is it due to?

Answer 2

1st trimester due to folic acid deficiency

Question 3

What layer of the neural tube turns into white matter of the spinal cord?

Answer 3

Marginal layer

Question 4

What layer of the neural tube turns into dorsal (alar) and ventral (basal) plates?

Answer 4

Mantle layer

Question 5

What do the alar plates differentiate into?

Answer 5

sensory neurons in the dorsal horn of grey matter

Question 6

What do the basal plates differentiate into?

Answer 6

motor neurons in the ventral horn of grey matter

Question 7

What is the dilated end of the spinal cord called?

Answer 7

conus medullaris

Question 8

What level does the spinal cord end?

Answer 8

L1/L2

Question 9

What level does the dural sac end?

Answer 9

S2

Question 10

What is a part of the Pia mater and extends from the conus medullaris to the end of the dural sac at S2?

Answer 10

Filum terminale internum

Question 11

What is a part of the Pia mater and is covered by a thin layer of the dura and extends from S2 to the coccyx as the coccygeal ligament?

Answer 11

Filum terminale externum

Question 12

How many segments is the spinal cord divided into?

Answer 12

31 segments

Question 13

What cells lie in-between myelinated axons?

Answer 13

Glial cells

Question 14

What kind of sense do dorsal columns sense (DCML)?

Answer 14

vibration, 2pt touch, joint position sense

Question 15

Where do fibers from the lower limb synapse?

Answer 15

nucleus gracilis

Question 16

Where do fibers from the upper limb synapse?

Answer 16

Cuneate nucleus

Question 17

Which tract of the anterolateral system carries pain and temperature?

Answer 17

lateral spinothalamic

Question 18

Which tract of the anterolateral system carries crude touch and pressure?

Answer 18

Ventral spinothalamic

Question 19

Which tract of the anterolateral system mediates autonomic responses to nociception?

Answer 19

Spinoreticular

Question 20

Which tract of the anterolateral system activates eye movements in response to tactile stimuli?

Answer 20

Spinotectal

Question 21

What descending tract’s function is voluntary movement of the muscles in the limbs?

Answer 21

Lateral corticospinal tract

Question 22

What descending tract’s function is voluntary movement of the muscles in the head, neck, and trunk?

Answer 22

Ventral corticospinal tract

Question 23

What descending tract’s function is in postural reflexes-neck muscles, extensors of back and legs?

Answer 23

vestibulospinal tract

Question 24

What descending tract’s function excites proximal flexors and inhibits extensors mainly in the upper limb?

Answer 24

Rubrospinal tract

Question 25

What descending tract's function coordinates head and eye turning in response to light via superior colliculus?

Answer 25

Tectospinal tract

Question 26

What descending tract's function inhibits nociception by releasing serotonin and acts on the C fibers?

Answer 26

Raphespinal tract

Question 27

What part of the grey matter is found only in the thoracic part of the spinal cord?

Answer 27

lateral horn

Question 28

Which lamina is the thin layer which lies beneath the dorsolateral fasciculus?

Answer 28

Lamina I

Question 29

Which lamina is made up of small neurons, contains high concentrations of Substance P, and is also known as Substantia Gelatinous of Rolando?

Answer 29

Lamina II

Question 30

Which laminae's main input is from fibers that carry mechanoreceptors and light touch and are referred to as Nucleus Proprius?

Answer 30

Lamina III and IV

Question 31

Which lamina contains neurons that respond to both noxious and visceral afferent stimuli?

Answer 31

Lamina V

Question 32

Which lamina is the deepest layer of the dorsal horn and receives mechanical signals from the skin and joints?

Answer 32

Lamina VI

Question 33

Which lamina contains Clarke's nucleus and the intermediolateral horn?

Answer 33

Lamina VII

Question 34

Which laminae contain alpha and gamma motor neuron groups in the ventral horn?

Answer 34

Lamina VIII and IX

Question 35

Which lamina is also known as the grey commissure surrounding the central canal of the spinal cord?

Answer 35

Lamina X