Spinal cord

Question 1

Composed o the brain and spinal cord

Answer 1

Central Nervous system

Question 2

Composed of spin nerves (31) and Cranial Nerves (12)

Answer 2

Peripheral nervous system

Question 3

Transmits information from periphery to the cns. contains receptors (DORSAL)

Answer 3

Sensory (afferent) divison

Question 4

Transmits information from the CNS to the rest of the body. Sends motor information to effectors (VENTRAL)

Answer 4

Motor (efferent) divison

Question 5

Voluntary- skeletal muscle, sensation (pain, pressure, touch, temperature, proprioception)

Answer 5

Somatic nervous system

Question 6

Involuntary- Smooth muscle, glands, and internal organs

Answer 6

Autonomic nervous system

Question 7

Produces myelin protein for myelinated axons. Major glial cell in PNS

Answer 7

Schwann cell

Question 8

Point at which one neuron communicates with one or more neurons

Answer 8

Synapse

Question 9

Cell bodies

Answer 9

Gray matter

Question 10

Axons (nerve fibers)

Answer 10

White matter

Question 11

Where does the spinal cord end

Answer 11

L1-2

Question 12

Automatic unconscious response to stimuli

Answer 12

Reflex

Question 13

Initiates in the spinal cord, bypasses the brain right to the muscles

Answer 13

Spinal reflex

Question 14

Why does the cervical cross section have more white?

Answer 14

Because of brachial plexus (more nerves running through or information)

Question 15

Most superficial layer of meninges? Tough

Answer 15

Dura mater “hard mother”

Question 16

Intermediate layer of meninges? Delicate avascular

Answer 16

Arachnoid Mater “spider mother”

Question 17

Innermost layer of meninges? delicated

Answer 17

Pia mater “Delicated mother”

Question 18

Non-excitable cells

They support, insulate, and nourish neurons

Answer 18

Glial cells (Neuroglia)

Question 19

A shwann cell is a like a what in the CNS?

Answer 19

Oligodendryte

Question 20

Structure and functional unit of the nervous system

Specialized for rapid communication

Answer 20

Neuron

Question 21

A component of a neuron that carries impulses to the neuron cell body

Answer 21

Dendrites

Question 22

A component of a neuron that carries impulses away from the body

Answer 22

Axons

Question 23

Increases the velocity of the impulse transmission from neuron to neuron
Forms a sheath around some axons

Answer 23

Myelin

Question 24

Nucleus- Gray matter, collection of neuron bodies

Tract- white matter, collection of nerve fibers, connects nuclei

Answer 24

CNS

Question 25

Ganglion- collection of nerve cell bodies Peripheral nerve- collection of nerve fibers, connect CNS with peripheral structuresn Spinal OR cranial

Answer 25

PNS

Question 26

What is the primary function of the spinal cord?

Answer 26

To transmit signals to and from brain to peripheral structures

Question 27

Cell bodies of sympathetic nervous system are in what part of the spinal cord? This has a lateral horn

Answer 27

Thoracic

Question 28

Dura mater forms what

Answer 28

Spinal dural sac

Question 29

What anchors the Spinal dural sac to the coccyx

Answer 29

Filum terminale

Question 30

The arachnoid mater encloses what

Answer 30

Cerebrospinal fluid

Question 31

Cushions the cord, clear odorless fluid, low in protein and cellular content

Answer 31

CSF

Question 32

``` Sheets of pia mater that anchor the cord to the dural sac Separates anterior(ventral) and posterior (dorsal) nerve roots Run longitudinally along the cord ```

Answer 32

Denticulate ligaments

Question 33

Cervical spinal nerves exit where

Answer 33

Exit intervertebral foramina above named segment

Question 34

Thoracic spinal nerves exit where

Answer 34

Below named segment

Question 35

Lumbar spinal nerves exit where

Answer 35

Below named segment

Question 36

What are the 3 connective tissue coverings of the Peripheral nerve structure

Answer 36

Epineurium Perineurium Endoneurium

Question 37

Encloses bundle of fascicles | Includes fat, blood vessels, and lymphatics

Answer 37

Epineurium

Question 38

Dense tissue around a fascicle | Protection againt foreign substances

Answer 38

Perineurium

Question 39

Delicate sheath surrounding neurolemma and cells

Answer 39

Endoneurium

Question 40

Formed by the Lumbar and sacral nerve roots L1-S5 Innervates lower extremity

Answer 40

Lumbosacral plexus

Question 41

Enlargement of subarachnoid space to accomodate cauda equina

Answer 41

Lumbar cistern

Question 42

3 longitudinal arteries run from the brainstem to conus medullaris and supply superior cord what are they?

Answer 42

Anterior spinal artery (from branches of the vertebral artery) 2 posterior spinal arteries (From vertebral or posterior inferior cerebellar artery)

Question 43

Segmental medullary and radicular arteries do what | What reinforces circulation to 2/3 of cord

Answer 43

supply most of the cord | Great anterior segmental medullary

Question 44

Run longitudinally and communicate freely with each other Drained by 12 Ant/Post medullary and radicular veins Join the internal vertebral venous plexus in epidural space which communicates with dural venous sinuses and vein in cranium

Answer 44

Anterior/ Posterior spinal veins

Question 45

Somatic nervous system is a division of what?

Answer 45

Sensory (afferent)

Question 46

Autonomic nervous system is a division of what?

Answer 46

Motor (efferent)

Question 47

1 shwann cell can encase how many unmyelinated axons?

Answer 47

10

Question 48

What neurotransmitters facilitate communication in the synapse?

Answer 48

Acetylcholine Norepinephrine Dopamine GABA

Question 49

The spinal cord starts where?

Answer 49

The medulla oblongata

Question 50

Cell bodies of sympathetic nervous system are where?

Answer 50

Thoracic

Question 51

Where does the spinal dural sac end?

Answer 51

S1,2

Question 52

Pia mater continues as what?

Answer 52

Filum terminale

Question 53

The filum terminale takes what with it?

Answer 53

Arachnoid and dura mater

Question 54

Dorsal and ventral roots run in what space covered by what?

Answer 54

Subarachnoid space | Pia mater

Question 55

Cervical enlargment runs from where to where?

Answer 55

C3-T1

Question 56

Lumbosacral enlargement runs from where to where?

Answer 56

L1-S2