Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Neuro III > Spinal Cord Injury > Flashcards

Spinal Cord Injury Flashcards

(65 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What is the incidence of SCI?

A

54 cases/million per year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the prevalence of SCI

A

299,000 in US about 4,400 in CO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Who has the highest incidence of SCI and why?

A

males out-weight females 4:1
due to risk taking behaviors
Occupational Risk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What season has the highest incidence of SCI

A

Summer due to travel and outdoor activities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the two highest categories for is the etiology of SCI

A
  1. Vehicle crashes- 37%
  2. Falls 31%
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the most common level of injury for SCI?

A

incomplete tetraplegia
followed by incomplete paraplegia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the average age for SCI?

A

39 craig hospital statistic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the ISNCSCI include and what position is the patient in?

A

Sensory: 28 dermatomes with pinprick and light touch
0-3
Motor: 10 muscles each representing a nerve root innervation
0-5: 5 is intact
supine: pt is in the most stable position if they fractured their spine and this is completed within 72 hours of the injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the difference between a complete and incomplete SCI? what does AIS stand for?

A

complete- no sensation or motor function at S4-5 level (rectal)

incomplete- some sensation and or motor function at S4-5 level (rectal)

AIS: ASIA impairment scale

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

AIS A

A

Complete
No sensory or motor function is preserved in the sacral segments S4-5
No anal sensory or contraction
Tick: NOOOON sign on ISNCSCI

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

AIS B

A

Incomplete
Sensory but not motor function is preserved below the neurological level
Must include the sacral segments S4-S5

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

AIS C

A

Incomplete
Must be at least a B (sensory or motor function is preserved in the S4/5 segments)
and you must have either
1. voluntary anal sphincter contraction or
2. sacral sensation plus sparing of motor function more than 3 levels below the motor level

more than half of the muscles grades below the single neurological level are <3

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

AIS D

A

Incomplete
Must be at least a C (sensory or motor function is preserved in the S4-S5 segments and have either sparing of motor function more than 3 levels below the motor level OR voluntary anal sphincter contraction)
and
at least half of the muscles grades below the single neurological level are > or equal to 3
think 3D
should be walking with bracing or assistive device

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How do you classify an ISNCSCI Level?

A

Last level with both intact motor and sensory that is how you name the spinal cord injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What level is the cauda equina?

A

L1-L2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What can you expect the presentation of an Upper Motor Neuron Injury?

A

Central nervous system affected: brain and spinal cord
-hyper-reflexia
-spasticity (velocity dependent)
-neurogenic bowel and bladder- spastic sphincters
-preserved reflexive penile erections in males `

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What can you expect the presentation of a lower motor neuron injury?

A

damage to the peripheral nervous system
-hypo reflexive
-flaccidity (muscle weakness)
-flaccid bowel/bladder- incontinence
-no reflexive penile erection in males

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How often do we need to turn someone in bed to relieve pressure preventing skin breakdown?

A

turn in bed: every 2 hours “side- back- side”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How often do pt with a SCI need to weight shift in their wheelchair?

A

every 20 min for 2 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What ares of the body need to be off loaded to relieve pressure and prevent skin breakdown?

A

Check sacrum, ischial, heels, shoulder blades and back of head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What 4 things are include in Autonomic Dysfunction for individuals with SCI?

A
  1. Neurogenic shock
  2. Cardiovascular Complications
  3. Temperature Regulation
  4. Altered Sweat Secretion
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Orhostatic hypotension, loss of spinal reflexes in UMN

A

Neurogenic Shock

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Bradycardia, bradyarthymias, orthostatic hypotension, increased vasovagal reflex, vasodilation and stasis

A

Cardiovascular Complications

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

reduced sensory input to thermoregulating centers and loss of sympathetic control of temperature and sweat regulation below the level of injury

A

temperature regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Sweat can be excessive, absent or simply diminished, reflexive sweating- exclusively occurs below the LOI
Altered Sweat Secretion
26
What is the definition of Orthostatic Hypotension?
decreased BP >20 mmhg systolic or decrease BP >10 mmhg diastolic
27
What are the causes of Orthostatic Hypotension
decreased vasoconstriction decreased venous return dehydration
28
How will the patient present if they are experiencing Orthostatic Hypotension
Palor, diaphoresis, dizziness, nausea, light-headedness, blurry vision, shortness of breath, loss of conciousness
29
What are 3 things to rule out that present like Orthostatic hypotension?
vestibular dysfunction low oxygen saturation stress/anxiety
30
What are some treatments for orthostatic hypotension?
abdominal binder (to keep blood from pooling), medication, caffeine, hydrate (increase blood volume)
31
What is autonomic Dysreflexia?
Increase in BP >20-40 mmhg above baseline usually with bradycardia (low HR)
32
What are the causes of Autonomic Dysreflexia?
occurs in SCI of T6 and above noxious stimulus below the level of injury -full bladder, impacted/irritated bowel, pain Vasodilation above level of injury only Vasoconstriction below level of injury
33
What to do if a patient is experiencing autonomic dyreflexia?
Sit the patient upright and find the noxious stimulus
34
Dorsal column carries what info
localized fine touch, pressure, vibration and proprioception
35
Dorsal column Cell body synapse info carried
cell body: dorsal root ganglion synapse: medula info: thalamus integrated at the primary sensory cortex
36
spinothalamic tract carries what info
pain temp crude touch
37
Descending motor tracts path
from R internal capsule medula left side of body motor tract right side moves the left side
38
corticospinal tract
providing voluntary motor function. This tract connects the cortex to the spinal cord to enable movement of the distal extremities
39
Blood supply of the spinal cord
1/3 posterior spinal blood supply 2/3 anterior spinal blood supply
40
Anterior Cord Syndrome MOI: Affects: Tract involved:
anterior cord syndrome MOI: anterior spinal artery compressed by bone fragments can be due to AAA affect: motor paralysis tract: corticospinal tract
41
Anterior Cord Presentation
Loss of: motor function (corticospinal tract) Loss of pain, temp, crude touch (spinothalamic tract) Preservation of: position, vibration, and touch sense (dorsal tract)
42
Posterior Cord Presentation
Posterior Cord Loss of: pressure, light touch, proprioception, vibration (dorsal tract) intact: muscle power, pain, temp, proprioception -good power, pain temp sensation -difficulty in coordinating movements of limb rarest form
43
Central Cord Presentation MOI: Tracts involved: Presentaion Prognosis:
Central Cord MOI: due to hyperextension of C-spine older adult falling down Tracts: Dorsal column half impaired STT okay Presentation: Greater UL weakness some control over bowel and bladder sensory loss is minimal Prognosis: recovery possible
44
Central cord presentation affects UL or LL more
UL
45
Is there recovery possible for central cord
yes
46
In central cord do you have sensory and bowel and bladder function
yes sensory some bowel and bladder
47
Brown- sequard syndrome
ipsilateral impaired or loss of movement preserved pain and temperature sensation contralateral normal movement impaired pain and temp sensation
48
Conus medullary syndrome
bladder dysfunction bowel dysfunction sexual dysfunction low back pain unilateral or bilateral leg pain diminished rectal tone
49
Cauda equina syndrome
Below vertebral level L2 LMN Injury peripheral nerves injury to nerve roots muscle weakness decreased sensation decreased bowel and bladder control
50
Presentation of Autonomic dysreflexia
flushing/blotchy red rash sudden headaches diaphoresis chills blurred vision nausea
51
Are we worried about DVT in individuals with a spinal cord injury
yes 40-100% of new injuries need to be on heparin coumadin
52
______ is the leading cause of death in acute SCI
PE
53
Spastic spincters---> High blood pressure---> incomplete bladder drainage--->
spastic spincters---> retention of urine high blood pressure---> autonomic dysreflexia incomplete bladder drainage--> UTI
54
What is intermittent catherization used for
maintain low urine volumes and pressure to avoid urinary tract damage every 4-6 hours
55
digital stimulation suppository regular schedule diet considerations
all parts of a bowel management program
56
Ideal bowel management program
less than 90 min everday or everyother day no routine use of suppositories less than 3 incontinence episodes per year low incidence of constipation
57
HO what is it
bone growth in or near a joint after SCI and traumatic brain injury
58
most common areas for HO
hips knees elbows
59
% of individuals with SCI who have HO
20-50%
60
Signs and symptoms of HO
1. decreased ROM 2. edema 3. warmth 4. low grade fever especially at night
61
Diagnosis of HO
1. asymmentrical PROM 2. bone scan- 2-4 weeks 3. Xray- progresive HO chronic 4. Serum alkaline phosphate- 2-3 weeks
62
management of HO
NSAIDs AROM
63
What is the primary cause of death after SCI
respiratory dysfunction
64
Treatment to prevent respiratory dysfunction
1. clear secretions 2. maximize inspirations 3. maximize cough/expiration
65
Diaphragmatic pacer system
allows partial or full time weaning from the ventilator

Neuro III (23 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions