Spinal Cord, Nerves, ANS

Question 1

Conus medullaris

Answer 1

Terminal Portion of Spinal Cord

Question 2

Cauda Equina

Answer 2

Location=Lumbar Cistern (subarachnoid space)

• Includes conus medullaris and filum terminale
• Dorsal and Ventral Rootlets located with the subarachnoid space are directed towards the intervertebral column

Question 3

Dura Mater

Answer 3

Tough mother…epidural space

Question 4

Arachnoid Mater

Answer 4

Subarachnoid space

-lumbar cistern

Question 5

Pia Mater

Answer 5

Denticulate Ligaments (anchor cord)
Filum Terminale -extends down from conus and give longitudinal support

Question 6

Rootlets

Answer 6

within subarachnoid space directed toward intervertebral foramen

Question 7

Dorsal Root

Answer 7

Sensory neurons

-has ganglion outside spinal cord (Dorsal root ganglion-in the intervertebral foramen)

Question 8

Ventral Root

Answer 8

Motor neurons contained in connective tissue sheath

-cell bodys in ventral horn of spinal cord

Question 9

Endoneurium

Answer 9

Inner most connective tissue covering mixed nerves
Cover Nerve Fiber and enclose myelin
-Fluid here indicates injury in part of periphery

Question 10

Perineurium

Answer 10

Enclose a fasicle (bundle of fibers)

Question 11

Epineurium

Answer 11

Surround Multiple Fascicles and blood vessels

-dura and arachnoid sleeve invaginate

Question 12

Vasa Nervorum

Answer 12

Small arteries that supply blood to peripheral nerves …interior nerves and their coverings

Question 13

Dorsal Primary Ramus

Answer 13

Synovial joints of vertebral column
Deep muscles of back
Overlying skin of back

Question 14

Ventral Primary Ramus

Answer 14

Remaining areas of trunk, upper and lower limbs

Form Plexus

• Cervicle Plexus (C1-C5)
• Brachial Plexus (C5-T2)
• INtercostal Nerves (T1-T11)
• Lumbar Plexus (T12-L4)
• Sacral Plexus (L4-S5)
• Coccygeal Nerve (Co)

Question 15

General Sensory (General Somatic Afferent)

Answer 15

Transmits pain, temp, touch, pressue and proprioception to spinal cord

Question 16

Somatic Motor (General Somatic Efferent)

Answer 16

Tranmits impulses from spinal cord to skeletal muscle

Question 17

Visceral Sensory (General Visceral Afferent)

Answer 17

Transmit reflex pain from viscera, glands, mucous membranes and blood vessels to spinal cord

Question 18

Visceral Motor (General Visceral Efferent)

Answer 18

Transmit impulses from CNS to smooth muscle and glandular tissue (ANS)

Question 19

Sympethetic Division of ANS-Presynaptic

Answer 19

Fight or Flight=Norepinephrine

LATERAL HORN=Cell bodies = presynaptic (preganglionic) neurons located INTEROMEDIOLATERAL CELL COLUMN of the spinal cord T1-L2/3

Question 20

Sympethetic Division-Postsynaptic (paravertebral)

Answer 20

Paravertebral ganglion
-Sympathetic trunk (chain)= extend from C1 where the right and left chains join at the ganglion impar at sacrococcygeal vertebral junction

Question 21

Sympethetic Division-Postsynaptic (prevertebral)

Answer 21

Surround origins of the main branches of the abdominal aorta

Question 22

White Rami Communicans

Answer 22

Connection of sympathetic trunk to spinal nerve

• Myleninated presynaptic axons
• T1-L2

Question 23

Gray Rami Communicans

Answer 23

Connection of sympathetic trunk to spinal nerve

• unmyelinated postsynaptic axons
• Thoughout sympathetic chain

Question 24

Courses of Presynaptic Sympathetic Fibers

Answer 24

Enter spinal nerve via VENTRAL ROOT

• Enter sympathetic trunk via WHITE RAMI Communican
• Can choose to synapse immediately
• Can choose to ascend or descend the sympathetic trunk w/o synapsing….splanchnic nerve to prevertebral ganglion

Question 25

Course of Postsynaptic Sympathetic Fibers

Answer 25

Run through GRAY MATTER Communicans

Question 26

Postsynaptic fibers of Head

Answer 26

-Head: follow branches of the carotid artery

Question 27

Postsynaptic fibers of Gut

Answer 27

-Splanchnic Nerves follow branches of abdominal aorta

Question 28

Postsynaptic Fibers-Visceral Afferent Neurons

Answer 28

Run with the sympathetic division of ANS in a dermatomal pattern

Question 29

Head and Neck

Answer 29

T1-T4 (Visceral Afferent-Symp)

Question 30

Heart and Lungs

Answer 30

T1-T7 (Visceral Afferent-Symp)

Question 31

Upper Extremity

Answer 31

T5-T7 (Visceral Afferent-Symp)

Question 32

GI System

Answer 32

T2(esophagus) -L2 (rectum) (Visceral Afferent-Symp)

Question 33

Liver and Gall Bladder

Answer 33

T6-T9 (Visceral Afferent-Symp)

Question 34

Pancreas and Splean

Answer 34

T5-T11 (Visceral Afferent-Symp)

Question 35

Urinary System

Answer 35

T10-L2 (Visceral Afferent-Symp)

Question 36

Testes/Ovaries

Answer 36

T10-T11 (Visceral Afferent-Symp)

Question 37

Uterus and Cervix

Answer 37

T10-L2 (Visceral Afferent-Symp)

Question 38

Prostate

Answer 38

L1-L2 (Visceral Afferent-Symp)

Question 39

Lower Extremities

Answer 39

T10-L2 (Visceral Afferent-Symp)

Question 40

Parasympathetic (CranioSacral)

Answer 40

Rest and Digest=Acetylcholine

Question 41

Parasympathetic-Presynaptic

Answer 41

Cell Bodies= - CN III, VII, IX, X (salivate, and see food) - Sacral Segments 2-4

Question 42

Parasympathetic-Postsynaptic

Answer 42

Within the wall of the organ it innervates

Question 43

Shoulder

Answer 43

C3/4 Dermatome

Question 44

Thumb

Answer 44

C6 dermatome

Question 45

Armpit

Answer 45

T1/2 dermatome

Question 46

Nipple

Answer 46

T4 (always) dermatome

Question 47

Inguinal

Answer 47

L1 dermatome

Question 48

Big toe

Answer 48

L4 dermatome