Spinal cord, Spinal nerve & ANS Flashcards
(54 cards)
1
Q
Gray matter
A
-Collection of cell bodies adn unmyelinated axons and dendrites within the CNS
2
Q
White matter-
A
-Myelinated axons and dendrites within the CNS
3
Q
3 spinal meninges
A
- Dura mater
- —epidural space
- Arachnoid mater
- —subarchnoid space
- —–lumbar cister
- Pia mater
- —denticulate ligaments
- —filum terminale
4
Q
Filum Terminale
A
-anchors cord inferiorly
5
Q
How many pairs of spinal nerves?
A
31
6
Q
Nerve-
A
-collection of neuronal (cell) processes, dendrites and axons, surrounded by connective tissues coverings
7
Q
Dermatomes
A
- Sensory nerve distribution
- none on head–start at neck
8
Q
Myotomes
A
-Motor nerve distribution
9
Q
Neuron
A
-basic functional unit of the nervous system
10
Q
Synapse
A
-functional communication between a series of neurons
11
Q
Afferent
A
- neuron which sends impulses towards the CNS
- Sensory
12
Q
Efferent
A
- Neuron which sends impulses away from the CNS
- Motor
13
Q
Somatic
A
-Pertaining to the body, typically the body wall
14
Q
Visceral (Splanchic)
A
-pertaining to the gut, viscera
15
Q
Ganglion
A
-collection of cell bodies (nuclei) outside of the CNS
16
Q
Rootlets
A
- Located within the meninges (subarachnoid space) of the spinal cord
- Dorsal (Sensory)
- Ventral (Motor)
17
Q
Roots
A
- Rootlets combine and are surrounded in connective tissue sheath
- Dorsal (Sensory)
- Ventral (Motor)
18
Q
Dorsal Root Ganglion
A
- Collection of sensory cell bodies outside of the CNS
- Lies within the intervertebral foramen
19
Q
Dorsal root
A
-Sensory
20
Q
Ventral root
A
-Motor
21
Q
Spinal nerve
A
-mixed
22
Q
Dorsal primary ramus
A
mixed with sensory and motor
- -synovial joints of vertebral column
- -deep muscles of the back
- -overlying skin of the back
23
Q
Conscious nervous system
A
- General sensory
- —General somatic afferent
- Somatic motor
- —General somatic efferent
24
Q
Unconscious nervous system
A
- Visceral Sensory
- —General Visceral Afferent
- Visceral Motor
- —General Visceral Efferent
25
Autonomic Nervous system
- Sympathetic (Thoracolumbar)
| - Parasympathetic (Craniosacral)
26
Sympathetic
-Fight or flight
27
Parasympathetic
-rest and digest
28
Pre-synaptic (ganglionic) neuron
-located within the CNS
29
Post-synaptic (ganglionic) neuron
-located with the periphery
30
2 spinal enlargements
-cervical
----upper limb innervation-spinal level-C4-T1
Lumberosacral:
----lower limb innvervation-spinal level-L1-S3
31
Cauda equina
- location-lumbar cistern (sub-arch space-
- dorsal and ventral rootlets located with the subarchnoid space are directed towards the intervertebral foramina to exit the vertebral column
- includes the conus medullaris and filum terminale
32
Dura mater
-epidural space
33
Arachnoid mater
- subarchnoid space
| - ---lumbar cistern
34
Pia mater
- denticulate ligaments
| - filum terminale
35
Denticulate ligaments
-located within the pia mater with 21 attachments per side which attach to arachnoid and pia mater to stablize vertebral column
36
Ventral primay ramus
- the remaining areas of the trunk, upper & lower limbs
- rearranged into the nerve plexuses
- --cervical plexus (C1-C50, brachial plexus (C5-T2), intercostal nerves (T1-T11), lumbar plexus (T12-L4), sacral plexus (L4-S5), coccygeal nerve (Co)
37
Cervical plexus
-C1-C5
38
Brachial plexus
-C5-T2
39
Intercostal nerves
-T1-T11
40
Lumbar plexus
-T12-L4
41
Sacral plexus
-L4-S5
42
Coccygeal nerves
-coccy
43
Components of typical spinal nerve
- general sensory (general somatic afferent)
- somatic motor (general somatic efferent)
- visceral sensory (general visceral afferent)
- visceral motor (general visceral efferent)
- connective tissue coverings
- vasa nervorum
44
Vasa nervorum
-blood vessels
45
Connective tissue coverings
- endoneurium
- perineurium
- epineurium
46
Visceral motor
- general visceral efferent
| - -transmits impulses from CNS to smooth muscle and glandular tissue (ANS)
47
Visceral sensory
- general visceral afferent
| - -transmits reflex pain from viscera, glands, mucous membranes and blood vessels to spinal cord
48
Somatic motor
- general somatic efferent
| - -transmits impulses from spinal cord to skeletal muscle
49
General sensory
- general somatic afferent
| - -transmits pain, temp, touch, pressure, proprioception to spinal cord
50
2 divisions of ANS
- sympathetic (thoracolumbar)-fight or flight
| - parasympathetic (craniosacral)-feed and assimilate
51
Parasympathetic
- energy conserving (feed and assimilate)
- neurotransmitter-acetylcholine
- sites of presynaptic cell bodies
- -1. Cranial nerves III, VII, IX, X
- -2. Sacral segments 2-4
- sites of postsynaptic cell bodies
- -1. within the wall of the organ it innervates
52
Sympathetic
- energy-expending system (flight or fight)
- neurotransmitter-norepinephrine
- cell bodies of presynaptic (preganglionic) neurons are located in INTERMEDIOLATERAL CELL COLUMN of the spinal cord between the T1-L2/L3--also termed the LATERAL HORN
- cells bodies of postsynaptic
53
Courses of presynaptic sympathetic fibers
1. enter the spinal nerve via the ventral root
2. enter the sympathetic trunk (chain) via white rami communicantes
3. they can choose to synapse immediately
4. can choose to ascend or descend the sympathetic trunk to synapse
5. they can choose to pass through the sympathetic trunk without synapsing
- ----splanchnic nerves to prevertebral ganglion
54
Course of postsynaptic sympathetic fibers
1. run through gray rami communicantes entering the spinal nerve
2. Head: follow branches of the carotid artery
3. splanchnic nerves follow branches of the abdominal aorta
4. visceral afferent (sensory) neurons run with the sympathetic divison of the ANS in a dermatomal pattern
