spinal osteology-1 Flashcards
(32 cards)
What are the 3 cardinal planes?
- transverse
- saggital
- frontal
What are the 3 sections of the limbs?
- longitudinal section
- transverse aka cross section
- oblique section
What is part of the axial skeleton?
- bones in skull
- hyoid bone
- vertebra inc. sacrum and coccyx
- thoracic rib cage, sternum, ribs
How many bones in body?
206
What are the primary curvatures?
thoracic and sacral
* kyphosis
* concave
What are the secondary curvatures
- cervical
- lumbar
- convex
- lordosis
What is scoliosis?
- side to side spinal curvature
- named by direction and convexity of curve in the mediolateral direction and the spinal region of the apex of the curve
What are the 3 types of scoliosis?
- idiopathic adolescent
- neuromuscular: spina bifida, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy
- congential
How many vertebrae?
33
7-cervical
12- thoracic
5- lumbar
5 -sacrum fuse
4- coccyx fuse
Where are the vertebral formina the largest?
cervical and lumbar regions because this is where appendages are attached
What to look for in cervical vertebrae?
- body: small and U shaped
- vertebral foramen: oval shaped
- bifid spinous process
- transverse foramina
- vertebra prominens C7
What is a vertebral arch?
all vertebra except the vertebral body
* this can cause problems
What is C1?
- Atlas
- most cranial
- nodding head yes
- wide ring shaped
- no vertebral body or spinous process
- anterior arch
- large superior articular surfaces that articulate with skull
What is the atlano occiptal (OA) joint?
- makes joint with CI
- synovial ellipsoid joint between superior articular facet of atlas and occiptal condyles at base of skull
- joints permit movement of occiptal condyles on articular process
- yes movement
Function of cruciate ligament?
- prevent abnormal movements of OA joint
- longitudinal bands prevent hyperflexion and hypeprextension of occiptal bone
- YEs
- hold transverse ligament in place
What movement does Alma ligament limit?
- limit excessive movement in thoracic and lumbar
- restrict excessive flexion and extension
- limit axial rotation
- lateral bending on contralateral side
- flexion
What is C2?
- axial
- no
- odontoid process aka dens
- body of C1 fused with C2 body
- large superior articular process for articulation with atlas
- large bifid spinous process
What is atlantoaxial joint (AA)?
- no
- complex synovial joint between superior articular of axis and inferior art. facet of atlas and btween dens of axis and anterior arch of atlas
- permits roation of atlas on dens of axis so “no”
What is function of coastal facets?
The superior costal facet joins the rib to the top of a vertebra. The transverse costal facet joins the rib to the transverse process of a vertebra, and the inferior costal facet joins the rib to the lower part of the vertebra. The joints formed are known as the costovertebral joints.
Thoracic features?
- spinous process points more down ; long and inferior
- giraffe
- body: med size, heart
- vertebral foramen: small, round
- coastal (rib) facets: on bodt and trasverse foramen
- superior articular facet faces posteriorly
Lumbar features?
- moose
- body: large; kidney bean
- vertebral foramen: triangular
- spinous process: short and horizontal
- transverse process: short and blunt
- superior articular process: face medially
- inferior articular process: point laterally
What is the nucleus pulposus?
The nucleus pulposus is the soft, gelatinous central portion of the intervertebral disk that moves within the disk with changes in posture.
* elastic
* inner
* jelly
* absorbs shock and forces
What is the anulus fibrosus?
Unlike the nucleus pulposus, on which mainly compressive forces act, the fibers of the annulus fibrosus resist the tensile and the compressive stresses to which the intervertebral disc is subjected.
* strength and stability
* protect from nucleus pulposus from spilling
* hard
What is a herniated intervertebral disc?
A condition that affects the rubbery disks between the bones that stack to make the spine.
Spinal disk herniation, also known as a slipped or herniated disk, occurs when the soft center of a spinal disk pushes through a crack in the tougher exterior casing.
A herniated disk can irritate nearby nerves and result in pain, numbness, or weakness in an arm or a leg. Most herniated disks occur in the lower back.
- can have spine pain or extremity pain
- produce muscle weakness or sensory changes
