Spinal Roots

Question 1

posterior aspect of shoulder

Answer 1

C4

Question 2

lateral aspect of the upper arm

Answer 2

C5

Question 3

medial aspect of the lower arm

Answer 3

T1

Question 4

tip of the thumb

Answer 4

C6

Question 5

tip of the middle finger

Answer 5

C7

Question 6

tip of pinky finger

Answer 6

C8

Question 7

thorax, nipple level

Answer 7

T5

Question 8

thorax, umbilical level

Answer 8

T10

Question 9

upper part of the upper leg

Answer 9

L2

Question 10

lower medial part of the upper leg

Answer 10

L3

Question 11

medial lower leg

Answer 11

L4

Question 12

lateral lower leg

Answer 12

L5

Question 13

sole of foot

Answer 13

S1

Question 14

buttock, thigh and posterior leg

Answer 14

S2

Question 15

Reflex grade 0

Answer 15

no response

• always abnormal
• lesion in the reflex arc

Question 16

Reflex grade 1+

Answer 16

diminished/depressed response

-may or may not be normal

Question 17

Reflex grade 2+

Answer 17

active normal response

-normal

Question 18

Reflex grade 3+

Answer 18

brisk/exaggerated response

-may or may not be normal

Question 19

Reflex grade 4+

Answer 19

very brisk/hyperactive (JMF sustained)

-always abnormal

Question 20

Spinal level of biceps tendon DTR

Answer 20

C5-C6

Question 21

Spinal level of brachioradial tendon DTR

Answer 21

C5-C6

Question 22

Spinal level of triceps tendon DTR

Answer 22

C6-C7

Question 23

Spinal level of patellar tendon DTR

Answer 23

L3-L4

Question 24

Spinal level of achilles tendon DTR

Answer 24

S1-S2

Question 25

What if there are absent reflexes and sensory loss in the distribution of the nerve?

Answer 25

- The lesion is found within the afferent arc of the reflex | - Lesion is either in the nerve or dorsal horn

Question 26

What if absent reflexes accompany paralysis, fasiculations, or atrophy?

Answer 26

- The lesion is found withing the efferent arc of the reflex | - Lesion may include the efferent nerve, anterior horn cells, or both

Question 27

What nerve roots are involved in throacic outlet syndrome?

Answer 27

commonly C8 and T1 -see issues in the ulnar nerve distribution second most common: C5, C6, C7 -see issues in radial nerve n. distribution

Question 28

What muscles can be very tight in TOS?

Answer 28

scalenes- can pull first rib into clavicle | pectoralis minor

Question 29

Which root fibers primarily innervate axillary n.?

Answer 29

C5

Question 30

Which root fibers primarily innervate musculocutaneous n.?

Answer 30

C5-C6

Question 31

Which root fibers primarily innervate median n.?

Answer 31

C6

Question 32

Which root fibers primarily innervate radial n.?

Answer 32

C7-C8

Question 33

Which root fibers primarily innervate ulnar n.?

Answer 33

C8-T1

Question 34

What muscles are innervated by dorsal scapular n.?

Answer 34

Rhomboids | Levator Scapula

Question 35

What muscles are innervated by long thoracic n.?

Answer 35

Serratus anterior

Question 36

What muscles are innervated by nerve to subclavius?

Answer 36

subclavius

Question 37

What muscles are innervated by suprascapular n.?

Answer 37

supraspinatus | infraspinatus

Question 38

What muscles are innervated by lateral pectoral n.?

Answer 38

clavicular head of pec major

Question 39

What muscles are innervated by musculocutaneous n.?

Answer 39

biceps brachii brachialis coracobrachialis

Question 40

What muscles are innervated by medial pectoral n.?

Answer 40

pec minor | sternal head of pec minor

Question 41

What muscles are innervated by ulnar n.?

Answer 41

``` FCU FDP 3rd and 4th lumbricles Hypothenar eminence Most small muscles of the hand ```

Question 42

What muscles are innervated by medial and lateral root of the median n.?

Answer 42

Flexor muscles of the forearm, except FCU and five muscles in the hand

Question 43

What muscles are innervated by upper subscapular n.?

Answer 43

subscapularis

Question 44

What muscles are innervated by thoracodorsal n.?

Answer 44

latissimus dorsi

Question 45

What muscles are innervated by lower subscapular n.?

Answer 45

subscapularis | Teres major

Question 46

What muscles are innervated by axillary n.?

Answer 46

Deltoids | Teres Minor

Question 47

What muscles are innervated by radial n.?

Answer 47

``` Triceps Anconeus brachioradials Extensors of forearm Supinator ```