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Spine Flashcards

(63 cards)

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1
Q

The spine surrounds and protects the ________

A

Spinal cord

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2
Q

What are the 5 regions of the spine?

A

Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacrum, & coccyx

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3
Q

What is a lordotic curve?

A

Posterior concave, anterior convexity

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4
Q

What is a kyphotic curve?

A

Posterior convexity, anterior concavity

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5
Q

What is scoliosis?

A

Lateral curvature of the spine

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6
Q

What are the pedicles?

A

Two short projections from the vertebral body that form the vertebral arch

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7
Q

What are the two projections that extend laterally from the pedicles and lamina?

A

Transverse processes

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8
Q

What are the intervertebral disks made of?

A

Annulus fibrosus (outer) & nucleus pulposus (inner)

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9
Q

How many cervical vertebrae are in the cervical spine?

A

7

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10
Q

What is the function of C1 and C2?

A

To support and provide rotation of the skull

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11
Q

C1 has no ___

A

Body

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12
Q

What does the atlas consist of?

A

2 lateral masses connected by an anterior & posterior arch

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13
Q

What do the articular processes of C1 articulate with?

A

Base of skull

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14
Q

What is the name for C7?

A

Vertebra prominens

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15
Q

How many vertebrae are in the thoracic spine?

A

12

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16
Q

What is the function of the transverse foramina?

A

Passageway for arteries and veins

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17
Q

What do the facets and demifacets of the thoracic vertebrae articulate with?

A

Ribs

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18
Q

How many vertebrae are in the lumbar spine?

A

5

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19
Q

In what projection are the intervertebral foramina of the lumbar spine best seen from?

A

Lateral

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20
Q

What portion of the lumbar vertebrae form the ears of the Scottie dog?

A

Superior articular processes

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21
Q

Which portion of the lumbar vertebrae form the front legs of the dog?

A

Inferior articular processes

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22
Q

Which portion of the lumbar vertebrae form the dogs neck?

A

Pars interarticularis

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23
Q

How many vertebrae are in the sacrum?

A

5 all fused together

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24
Q

What does the sacrum articulate with and what joint does this articulation form?

A

Ilium/SI joints

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25
What are “spot film” or “coned down” radiographs?
The use of a small radiation field to improve contrast while minimizing distortion
26
What are the most common areas for spot films?
C1 & C2, lumbosacral junction
27
What is the angle of the CR for the AP Axial projection of the C-spine?
15 degrees cephalad through thyroid cartilage
28
If the base of the skull is superimposed on the atlas and dens, what positioning error was made?
Patients neck was extended too far
29
If upper teeth are superimposed on the atlas & dens, what positioning error was made?
Patients neck was flexed too much
30
Where does the CR exit on an AP oblique C-spine?
15 degrees cephalad through C4
31
Where does the CR exit on a PA oblique C-spine?
15 degrees caudad through C4
32
What anatomy is shown in a PA oblique C-spine?
Intervertebral foramina on side touching IR
33
Where does the CR exit for the lateral swimmers projection?
C7
34
Where does the CR exit for the AP thoracic spine?
3-4in below jugular notch
35
What are the breathing instructions for the AP thoracic spine projection?
Suspend
36
Where does the CR exit on a lateral T-spine?
Level of T-7
37
What is the breathing technique for the lateral t-spine?
Shallow breathing to blur the ribs
38
Where does the CR exit on a lateral L-spine projection?
Iliac crest
39
Why are AP obliques preferred over the PA in the lumbar spine?
AP oblique demonstrates the zygapophyseal joints & pars interarticularis
40
How much should the body be rotated for the AP oblique of the lumbar spine?
45 degrees
41
Where is the CR directed for an AP oblique lumbar spine?
2in medial to ASIS & 1.5in superior to iliac crest
42
What projection shows the SI joints?
AP Axial lumbosacral
43
Where does the CR exit for the AP oblique projection of the sacrum?
15 degrees cephalad, 1in inferior to ASIS
44
Where does the CR exit for a lateral projection of the coccyx?
2in inferior to ASIS & 3.5in posterior to ASIS
45
What is the name of the tough, outer layer of the intervertebral disks?
Annulus Fibrosus
46
When taking an AP axial projection of the C-spine, the CR is
15 degrees cephalad
47
The front leg of the Scottie dog is the
Inferior articular process
48
Which projection will demonstrate the Scottie dog?
Oblique lumbar spine
49
What is the rationale for using a 72in SID for the lateral projection of the C-spine?
SID helps to overcome the magnification caused by increased OID
50
Which of the following join to form the posterior portion (vertebral arch) of a vertebrae?
Pedicle and lamina
51
What projection of the C-spine precedes flexion and extension positions?
Lateral
52
Which vertebrae have special facets for articulation with the ribs?
Thoracic
53
An anterior oblique projection of the cervical spine will demonstrate?
Pedicles and intervertebral foramina
54
What is the appropriate breathing technique for an AP/PA spine for scoliosis evaluation?
Suspend
55
Which of the following structures are best demonstrated in the lateral projection of the cervical spine?
Intervertebral foramina
56
Which anatomy is best demonstrated in the lateral projection of the cervical spine?
Intervertebral joints and zygapophyseal joints
57
Spondyliosthesis refers to:
Forward slipping of the vertebra on the one below it
58
What is the correct CR angle and entrance point for an AP Axial projection of the coccyx?
10 degrees caudal, 2in superior to pubic symphysis
59
The natural curvature of the thoracic spine is
Kyphotic
60
Which position would result in the least OID when the right lumbar zygopophyseal joints are in the area of interest?
RPO
61
When obtaining a lateral projection of the lumbar vertebrae, it is necessary to support the spine in a horizontal position to:
Prevent overlapping of the intervertebral disc spaces
62
Where is the CR entrance point for an AP oblique of the lumbar spine?
2.5in to ASIS, 1.5in above iliac crest
63
Which portion of the vertebral arch is situated between the body and the transverse process of a lumbar vertebrae?
Pedicle

Spine & Skull (2 decks)

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