Spine

Question 1

How many bones in the spine

Answer 1

33

Question 2

How many vetebrae are there?

Answer 2

24

Question 3

What other bones are there in the spine? (not the vertebrae)

Answer 3

Sacrum & Coccyx

Question 4

What are the 5 functions of the spine?

Answer 4

structural support, upright posture, houses and protects spinal cord, enables motion through axial skeleton, protects organs such as heart and lungs

Question 5

What are the 4 natural curves (regions) of the spine?

Answer 5

cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral

Question 6

What 2 types of curves make up the spine?

Answer 6

Kyphotic and Lordotic

Question 7

Define Spinal Stabilization

Answer 7

Maintaining neutral spine or maintaining the curves during movement

Question 8

What is another name for spinal stabilization?

Answer 8

core stabilization

Question 9

What 4 parts make up a spinal vertebrae

Answer 9

Body, Vertebral Arch, Spinal Foramen, Facet Joint

Question 10

What is the purpose of the “body” of the vertebrae

Answer 10

Load bearing

Question 11

What is the purpose of the Vertebral Arch?

Answer 11

Serves as attachment points for muscles and ligaments

Question 12

Name the 2 part of the Vertebral Arch

Answer 12

Pedicles and Laminae

Question 13

What is the purpose of the Spinal Foramen

Answer 13

Houses the Spinal Cord

Question 14

What is the purpose of Facet Joints

Answer 14

Interaction with other vertebrase

Question 15

Where are the Atlas and Axis of the spine? Or what letter and number designation are they given?

Answer 15

Upper-most levels of the Cervical vertbrae, C1 & C2

Question 16

What is the key feature of the C1 &C2 vertebrae?

Answer 16

Much more transverse rotation that all other vertebrae

Question 17

What are intervertebral discs?

Answer 17

Fibrocartilage between the vertebrae

Question 18

What’s the centre of the Intervertebral disc called

Answer 18

Nucleus Pulposus

Question 19

Name 2 common diagnoses of back pain associated with Intervertebral discs

Answer 19

Degenerative Disc Disease (DDD), Disc Herniations

Question 20

What is DDD?

Answer 20

Gradual degradation of the disc over years

Question 21

Name factors linked to developing DDD

Answer 21

Age, genetics, physical labour, obesity, sedentary lifestyle, smoking

Question 22

What is a disc herniation?

Answer 22

Migration of the nucleus pulposus through the layers of the annulus fibrosus.

Question 23

Does disc herniation always = back pain?

Answer 23

No - 40% of adults have been found to have some degree of disc herniation

Question 24

What can cause herniation?

Answer 24

Acute trauma from car crash or lifting, also can occur over time & linked to sedentary lifestyles

Question 25

Name the 3 layers of muscles surrounding the spine?

Answer 25

Superficial, Intermediate, Deep

Question 26

How many muscles are attached to or influence the spine?

Answer 26

77

Question 27

What are superficial muscles primary function?

Answer 27

Movement the limbs that have attachment points to the spne.

Question 28

What are Intermediate muscles primary function?

Answer 28

Influence respiration

Question 29

What are the names of the primary Intermediate muscles?

Answer 29

Levatores Costarum, Serratus Posterior Superior, Serratus Posterior Inferior

Question 30

What is the function of Deep muscles?

Answer 30

Creating motion and stabilizing the spine

Question 31

Name the 4 big muscles of the Superficial group

Answer 31

Latisimuss Dorsi, Gluteus Maximus, Rhomboids, Trapezius

Question 32

Name 3 of the Deep Muscles

Answer 32

Iliocostalis, Longissimus, Spinalis

Question 33

What is the role of the abdominals in relation to the spine?

Answer 33

Movement and Stabilization

Question 34

Muscles involved with stabilization from the abdominals?

Answer 34

Tranversus abdominis & internal obliques

Question 35

What is the role of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 35

Connects the ribcage to the pelvis

Question 36

What is the role of the external obliques?

Answer 36

Stabilization, flexion and rotation of the spine

Question 37

What is lateral flexion of the spine?

Answer 37

Bending to the side

Question 38

Which is the most mobile of the spinal regions

Answer 38

Cervical

Question 39

Which is the most stable region of the spine?

Answer 39

Thoracic

Question 40

The Lumbar region moves mostly in which plane?

Answer 40

Sagittal

Question 41

To allow further flexibility of the spine which joint must also move?

Answer 41

Hip joint

Question 42

What is the process of move the hip join to aid the spine called

Answer 42

Lumbo-pelvic rhythm

Question 43

The Lumbar region is Kyphotic or Lordotic?

Answer 43

Lordotic

Question 44

The Thoracic region of the spine is Kyphotic or Lordotic

Answer 44

Kyphotic

Question 45

The tough outer portion of the intervertebral disc is made of what cartilage?

Answer 45

Fibrocartilage

Question 46

What is the Spinal Multifidus primary role

Answer 46

Spinal Stabilization

Question 47

Muscle group most directly responsible for flexion of the lumbar spine?

Answer 47

Rectus Abdominus

Question 48

What is Scoliosis?

Answer 48

The presence of abnormal curvatures along the vertebral column

Question 49

What deviation is required to be defined as scoliosis?

Answer 49

Greater than 10 degrees

Question 50

How does scoliosis present in the gym?

Answer 50

Hip or shoulder tilt when athlete should be neutral

Question 51

When is Scoliosis most likely to be diagnosed?

Answer 51

Between 10 and 15 years of age

Question 52

At what degree of scoliosis would surgery be considered?

Answer 52

40 degrees of higher

Question 53

Should exercise be avoided by people with scoliosis?

Answer 53

No, world record holders have had scoliosis. Correct execution of back strengthening exercises to maintain functionality across their lifetime.