spine and hips Flashcards
(32 cards)
ROM back (extension/hyper extension)
extension=0
hyperextension=30deg
ROM back (forward flexion)
75deg
ROM back (lateral bending)
35deg left and right
ROM hip (flexion)
120deg
ROM hip (extension/hyperextension)
extension=0
hyperextension=30
ROM hip (ABduction)
45deg
ROM hip (ADduction)
30deg
ROM hip (rotation at EXTENSION)
external=45deg
internal=40deg
ROM hip (rotation at FLEXION)
external=45deg
internal=40deg
thoracic kyphosis
increased convex curvature of the thoracic spine (humpback)
lumbar lordosis
accentuation of the lumbar curvature of the spine
kyphoscoliosis
combination of lateral curvature and convex curvature of the spine
gibbus deformity
type of kyphosis resulting in a sharp (almost pointy) convex curvature of the spine
scoliosis
lateral curvature of the spine
the distraction test
one hand under the chin and other under occiput, gently lift (distract) head to remove weight from neck; pt should have pain relief due to narrowing of neural foramen (relieving nerve compression)
the Adson test
locate radial pulse, then ABduct (away from body), extend (behind patient), and rotate (thumbs up!) the arm–if theres diminished or absent radial pulse=compression of subclavian artery
straight leg raising test
to determine cause of back pain: with pt supine, raise straight leg (support foot) and dorsiflex foot–if pain on dorsiflexion, could be caused by sciatic nerve (vs tight hamstrings)
the valsalva test
ask patient to bear down (like in bowel movement), if pain is felt in back or radiating down legs the origin is probably intrathecal (subarachnoid space of spinal cord) pressure
the compression test
press down on the top of pt’s head while they are sitting or supine; if pain is produced, is it in cervical spine? or extremity-if so, note exact distribution and if it follows any dermatomes-can locate neurologic level of pathology
the Hoover test
cup hand under straight leg, have pt raise opposite leg, should feel downward pressure on cupped foot (absence of pressure=patient is not really trying)
the pelvic rock test
with pt supine, grasp pelvis with thumbs on iliac spines and palms on iliac tubercles then forcibly compress pelvis towards midline; pain around sacroiliac joint indicates pathology in the joint itself
Trendelenburg test
used to determine strength of gluteus medius muscle: observe the patient standing (look for dimples posteriorly above the iliac spines), ask patient to raise one leg (dimple on that side should raise). If the dimple on raised leg side actually descends or stays put POSITIVE trendelenburg sign–glut medius muscle (of leg pt is STANDING on) is weak or nonfunctioning
pelvic obliquity
uneven anterior or posterior superior iliac spines while patient is standing (could be due to leg length discrepancy, scoliosis)
Fabere Patrick test
with pt supine, bring foot of one leg to knee of opposite leg (hip joint is now flexed, ABducted, and externally rotated); if pain in inguinal area resting or with downward pressure, may be pathology in sacroiliac joint
