Spine - Bones, Joints and Muscles Flashcards
(39 cards)
How many vertebras are in each section of the spine?
Cervical - 7
Thoracic - 12
Lumbar - 5
Sacrum - 5
What is the definition of Lordosis, and what vertebral region have Lordosis curves?
Lordosis Curvature = Concave POSTERIORLY, Convex ANTERIORLY.
Cervical and Lumbar Regions have Lordosis curvatures
What is the definition of a kyphosis curve, abs what vertebral regions have a kyphosis curvature?
Kyphosis = Concave ANTERIORLY, Convex POSTERIORLY.
Thoracic and Sacral regions have a kyphosis curvature
What are the 8 bony landmarks on a single vertebrae?
- Vertebral Foramen
- Vertebral Body
- Pedicles
- Spinous Process
- Transverse Process
- Inferior and Superior facets
- Lamina
- Mammillary Process
What is the definition of intervertebral foramen?
It is created when two vertebrates are placed together; it allow the exit of nervous tissue
What are the structures of the intervertebral disc?
- Anterior and Posterior longitudinal ligaments
- End Plates (Fibrocartilage)
- Nucleus Pulposus
- Annulus fibrosus
What are the 6 ligaments associated with the spine?
- Anterior and Posterior Longitudinal ligaments
- Supraspinous ligament
- Interspinous ligament
- Ligamentum Flavum
- Intertransverse ligament
What are the 3 intersegmental erector spinae muscles and their insertions?
- Interspinales (Connect adjacent spinous processes)
- Intertransverarii (Connect adjacent transverse processes)
- Rotatores (Transverse process to the superior lamina)
What are the 3 polysegmental muscles of the spine?
What muscles are apart of erector spinae?
- Longissimus Thoracis*
- Iliocostalis Lumborum*
- Spinalis*
- Quadratus Lumborum
- Multifidus
What are the insertions of Iliocostalis Lumborum?
Origin = Body of Sacrum Insertions = Inferior border of Lower 6 ribs, and upto C4-8 transverse processes
What are the insertions of Longissimus Thoracis?
Origin = Spinous and transverse processes of Lumbar spine Insertions = 12 thoracic vertebrae inferior borders of lower 10 ribs
What is the insertions of spinalis muscle?
Origin = Occipital bone Insertions = From T11 upto C2, fibres run superiorly
What are the insertions of Quadratus Lumborum and Multifidus?
Quadratus Lumborum:
Origin = Iliac crest
Insertions = Transverse processes of the lumbar spine
Multifidus:
Origin = Posterior body of Sacrum and transverse processes
Insertions = Travelling obliquely onto spinous processes, ends at C4
What are the 4 abdominal muscles?
- Rectus Abdominus
- External Abdominal Obliques
- Internal Abdominal Obliques
- Transversus Abdominis
What are the insertions of the Rectus Abdominis?
What are fibrous sheath called when the two Abdominis arrive in the middle?
Origin = Pectin Pubis and Pubic Tubercle (Anteriorly)
Insertions = 5/6/7th costal cartilages and xiphois process
Linea Alba
What are the insertions of the Internal, External Obliques and Transversus Abdominis?
Medially: ~ Fibrous Sheath ~ Linea Alba Laterally: - Lower 8 ribs - Thoracolumbar fascia (Lower back) - Iliac Crest - Inguinal Ligaments - Superior Pubic Ramus
What are the actions of the oblique abdominal muscles?
- All obliques together = Flexion of Spine
- All obliques on one side = Lateral Flexion
- One external and one internal contract of either side = Rotation of Spine
What is the purpose of Abdominal pressure?
Abdominal Pressure is created through contracting of Abdominal wall
- It supports Lumbar Spine
- Diaphragm and Pelvic floor also contribute
What are the noticeable physical features of a common cervical vertebra compared to a thoracic or Lumbar?
- Larger vertebral canal, due to the more nervous tissue and spinal cord
- Vertebral body is slightly smaller, due only supporting the weight of the head
- Foramen Transversarium, two holes either side of body of the vertebral body and allows an major artery to get to the head (Vertebral –> Basillar)
What is distinct about the cervical spine’s facet joints, and what is the purpose of it?
As well as having facet joints, they also have luschka (uncovertebral) joints.
Purpose:
- Reinforces intervertebral disc posterolaterally
- Provides stability and guiding motion of the cervical spine
What are the physical features of the Atlas (C1)?
- It doesn’t have a body
- It doesn’t have a spinous process (Posterior Tubercle)
- More prominent transverse processes
- Large concave superior articular facets
What are the physical features of the Axis (C2)?
- Has a Spinous Process
- Odontoid Process (Dens)
- Flat and large superior articular facets
What is the purpose of the Odontoid Process (Dens)?
Provides a pivot point for C1 to create rotation
What are the 3 ligaments involve with the Atlas and Axis?
- Transverse Ligament: Holds back the Odontoid Process
- Apical Ligament: Tip of Dens to Foramen Magnum
- Alar Ligaments: Edge of Dens to Foramen Magnum
