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Movement Systems Final > Spine Kinematics and Kinetics > Flashcards

Spine Kinematics and Kinetics Flashcards

1
Q

Human spine

A

Multi-segmental flexible rod forming the central axis of the neck and trunk

3 normal curves in the spine = Help to dampen or provide flex to the spine function

Junctions of the curves are areas of force concentration, called “transitional zones”

Can be source of pain at these transitional zones…

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2
Q

C-spine

A

7 vertebrae, atlas (C1), axis (C2), C3-C7

anterior convex (cervical lordosis)

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3
Q

Thoracic spine

A

12 vertebrae (T1-T12)

posterior convex (primary curve, kyphosis)

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4
Q

Lumbar spine

A

5 vertebrae

anteriorly convex (secondary curve, lordosis)

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5
Q

Upper cervical spine

A

OA (C0-1)

AA (C1-2) – atlanto-axial; also has dens of C2 articulating with arch of C1

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6
Q

Mid to lower cervical spine

A

C3 – C7

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7
Q

“CT Junction” (cervical-thoracic junction – transition zone)

A

C7 – T2/T3

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8
Q

Thoracic spine

A

T1 – T11

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9
Q

“Thoracolumbar junction”

A

T12- L1/L2

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10
Q

Lumbar spine

A

L1- L5

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11
Q

“Lumbosacral Junction”

A

L5-S1 – has the greatest motion in the sagittal (flex-ext) planes, and the least motion in the frontal plane (side bend)

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12
Q

Capsuloligamentous structures

A

Facet joint capsule

Anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL)

Posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL)

Ligamentum flavum

Interspinous and supraspinous ligaments

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13
Q

Tripod of motion –called “spinal segment”

A

Between each vertebral level, there is:
> one ‘interbody’ joint (2 vertebral bodies with interposing disc)

> 2 facet joints (inferior facets of level above and superior facets of level below

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14
Q

Motion at a “spinal segment”

A

level above upon the superior facets of the vertebral level below

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15
Q

Approximation of joint surfaces –

A

caused by compression forces

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16
Q

Separation (gapping) of joint surfaces –

A

caused by distraction force

17
Q

Sliding/gliding between joint surfaces –

A

caused by force tangential to the joint surfaces

18
Q

Cervical spine – Uncovertebral joints

A

bony elevations on the superior lateral margins of the cervical vertebrae

these joints articulate with the inferior, lateral aspect of the vertebra above to form the uncovertebral joints = joints of luschka

not true joints

19
Q

Coupled motion

A

Two osteokinematic motions occurring at the same time

The most consistent pattern for spine movement is axial rotation associated with lateral flexion

Coupled motion can be due to muscle action, facet alignment, ligamentous tension and spinal curve

Literature on coupled motion in the thoracic and lumbar spine is inconsistent

20
Q

Coupled motion - Cervical spine

A

Upper (C0-C2): sidebending coupled with contralateral rotation

Lower (C3-C7): sidebending coupled with ipsilateral rotation

21
Q

Coupled motion - Thoracic and lumbar spine

A

Upper thoracic spine similar to cervical spine

Less consistent coupling in lower thoracic and lumbar spine regions

22
Q

Coupled motion – mid/lower C-spine

A

Rotation and SB coupled

In the SAME direction is mid-lower C-spine

Ipsilateral coupling

23
Q

Coupled motion – Thoracic spine

A

Inconsistent coupling of rotation and SB in the thoracic spine

24
Q

Coupled Motion – Lumbar spine

A

Coupling pattern depended on which motion was used to initiate movement

In extension
> SB 1st – contralateral coupling
> Rotate 1st – L1-L4 contralateral coupling, L5-S1 ipsilateral coupling

In flexion
> Ipsilateral coupling whether SB 1st or rotate 1st

Great variability and unpredictability between LBP and asymptomatic subjects

25
Q

Ribs

A

Functions
> Protective barrier for vital organs
> Stiffens thoracic spine – increases inertia
> Strengthens thoracic spine – increases energy absorption during trauma

26
Q

Ribs 1-7

A

Direct sternal connection

27
Q

Ribs 8-10

A

Indirect sternal connection

28
Q

Ribs 11-12

A

No sternal connection

29
Q

Kinematic motion Ribs

A

Ribs 1-6
> Move more in A-P
> “Pump handle”

Ribs 7-10
> Move more lateral
> “Bucket handle”

Ribs 1-4 stiff, strong, rigid, Relative immobility

Ribs 5-12 greater elasticity, fracture potential

30
Q

Muscles of respiration = Inspiration

A

Quiet diaphragm, scalenes, intercostal muscles

Forced SCM, upper trap, pec major/minor, subclavius, external intercostals

31
Q

Muscles of respiration = Expiration

A

Quiet none

Forced abdominals, pec major, internal intercostals

32
Q

TRUNK MUSCLES

A
  1. Create/control trunk motion
  2. Stabilize/maintain the relationship of individual
  3. Control trunk for meaningful limb movement
  4. Control center of mass of body relative to base of support
33
Q
A

Movement Systems Final (11 decks)

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