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Spine Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

Canadian C-Spine Rules

A

high risk factors (> 65, dangerous mech, paresthesia)
- yes, radiography

NO –> low risk factors that allow for safe assessment for ROM (can sit, ambulatory, absence of midline tender, delayed onset of pain)
- no, radiography

YES –> B rot > 45
- no, radiography

YES - no radiography

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2
Q

C-Spine Fxs

A

Jefferson/Burst - C1
Odontoid - C2
Hangman’s - C2 (post aspect, usually w/ lysthesis)
Clay Shoveler’s - spinous process of C6-T2 (hyperflex)

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3
Q

C-Spine Dislocation

A

more frequent than fx
C - violent flex/rot
E - neck tilted toward side of dislocation

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4
Q

Cervical Myelopathy

A

Hoffman’s, hyperreflex of brachiorad, gait disturbance, Babinski, > 45

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5
Q

Cervical Radic Test Cluster

A 
Positive
- cervical distraction test
- spurling's
- ULTT median
< 60 rot to affected side
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6
Q

Dorsal Scapular

A

C4-C5

rhomboids, LS

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7
Q

Long Thoracic

A

C5-C7

SA

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8
Q

Suprascap

A

C5-C6

infra/supra

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9
Q

Lat Pec

A

C5-C7

pec maj/min

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10
Q

Musculocutaneous

A

C5-C7

coracobrach, brach, biceps

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11
Q

Upper Subscap

A

C5-C6

subscap (upper)

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12
Q

Thoracodorsal

A

C6-C8

lats

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13
Q

Lower Subscap

A

C5-C6

subscap (lower), TM

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14
Q

Axillary

A

C5-C6

ant delt, post TM/delt

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15
Q

Radial

A

C5-T1

triceps, supinator, brachiorad, forearm ext

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16
Q

Med Pec

A

C8-T1

pec maj/min

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17
Q

Ulna

A

C8-T1

2 med lumbricals, med digit profund, intrinsics except thenar

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18
Q

C-Spine X-rays

A

Lateral (initial) - alignment, spacing soft tissues/vertebrae
A/P - alignment, oblique fx
Odontoid - C1-C2 relationship
Swimmer’s - C7-T1

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19
Q

ADI

A

3-5 instability
> 7 disruptions of transverse ligament
> 9-10 risk of neurologic injury (often needs surgery)

important with trauma, Down syndrome, RA

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20
Q

Stinger/Transient Quadriplegia (CET)

A

Associated with cervical stenosis, kyphosis, congenital fusion, cervical instability, herniation, vascular/metabolic abnormalities

C - stretch/traction of brachial plexus; ext w/ root compression, direct blow to plexus
E - weakness, “dead” arm, n/t
T - 1st episode - return after resolution; consecutive - MD visit

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21
Q

C1

A

D - top of head
M - neck flexion
R - none

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22
Q

C2

A

D - suboccipital
M - neck flexion
R - none

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23
Q

C3

A

D - side of neck/jaw
M - lat neck flex
R - none

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24
Q

C4

A

D - top of shoulders
M - sh elevation
R - none

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25
C5
D - lat delt M - abd R - biceps
26
C6
D - tip of thumb M - elbow flex, wrist ext R - brachiorad
27
C7
D - tip of middle finger M - elbow ext, wrist flex R - triceps
28
C8
D - 5th finger M - finger flex R - none
29
T1
D - ulnar side of forearm M - finger abd R - none
30
Modified Sharp Purser (transverse lig)
> 1 mm translation, neurologic symptoms
31
Alar Ligament
C2 spinous process doesn't move to opp side
32
VAT
dizziness, drop attack, diplopia, dysarthria (talk), dysphagia (swallow)
33
Cervical Flex/Rot Test
identifies movement dysfunction at C1-C2, restricted ROM, firm resistance
34
Spurling's Test
reproduction of pain or cervical radic
35
ULTT
pain, n/t
36
Cervical Distraction
symptoms dec w/ distraction
37
Diaphragm
C4
38
Heart
T3-T4
39
Esophagus
T4-T5
40
Stomach
T8
41
Small Intestine
T10
42
Colon
T11
43
Gall Bladder and Liver
T8-T11
44
Kidney and Testes
T10-T11
45
Bladder
T11-L1
46
Murphy's Sign
gall bladder, T8-T11 | lower border of ribs at medial of lowest angle
47
McBurney's Point
appendix | midway between ASIS and umbilicus on R side
48
Thoracic Pain Conditions
breast cancer, osteoporosis, compression fx, spondylodiscitis, visceral disorders, PE
49
Scoliosis
Functional - muscle spasm or LLD Structural - idiopathic, irreversible curve E - Adam's bend test, Cobb angle T - surgery if > 45 deg R may compromise CP function with inc deg
50
Scheurmann's (CET)
C - thoracic kyphosis from wedge fx 5 deg or in 3+ consecutive vertebrae E - kyphosis w/ or w/o pain, pt tender at spinous process T - prevention, ext exercises, postural edu gymnastics and swimming most common
51
L1
D - iliac crest region M - psoas (hip flex) R - none
52
L2
D - ant thigh M - psoas (hip flex) R - none
53
L3
D - ant lower thigh M - quads (hip/knee ext) R - pat tendon
54
L4
D - medial calf, big toe M - tib and (knee ext, DF) R - pat tendon
55
L5
D - lat leg, ant foot M - ext hall (DF) R - none
56
S1
D - lower 1/2 post calf, sole of foot, lat 2 toes M - flex hall, gastroc (PF, eve) R - Achilles
57
S2
D - post thigh, sole and plantar heel M - HS R - lat HS
58
Red Flags
cauda equine, urinary changes, loss of sphincter tone, dec sacral ext, gait disturbance
59
Stork Test
pain in area of spondylolisthesis
60
SLR 30
hip/nerve irritation
61
SLR 30-60
sciatic nerve irritation
62
SLR 70-90
SIJ involvement
63
Kernig's Sign
back pain indicative of nerve root irritation
64
Brudzinski's Sign
lumbar disc involvement or nerve irritation
65
FABER
pain in inguinal region = hip | pain w/ OP = SIJ
66
Prone Instability Test (PITT)
test for likelihood pt responds positively to spinal stabilization program
67
SIJ Provocation Tests
distraction, compression, thigh thrust, SIJ thrust, Gaenslen's
68
Spondylolysis (CET)
C - repetitive hyperextension, pars interarticularis defect E - pain w/ ext, oblique X-ray, "scotty dog" T - activity modification, rest, possible surgery
69
AS (CET)
C - inflammatory disease that can cause fusing of spine E - insidious onset, LBP, < 40 onset, worse in AM, improves with exercise T - ROM, positioning, NSAIDs
70
Cauda Equina Syndrome (CET)
C - nerve roots compressed shutting off movement and sensation; herniation, tumor, infection E - bower/bladder changes, sensation changes, LBP, weaknes T - ROM, positioning NSAIDs
71
Disc Herniation (CET)
C - forward bending/twisting (wt lifters, collision sports) E - dec lumbar motion, abnormal gait, weakness, dec reflexes T - directional preference, possible surgery
72
Vertebral Osteomyelitis (CET)
C - bacterial infection E - pain, febrile, loss of lordosis T - immob, anti-biotics
73
CPR Spinal Manip
``` no pain below knee < 16 days < 19 FABQ + PA glide > 35 hip IR ```
74
Cluster for Stabilization Exercises
< 40 ASLR > 91 + PITT aberrant movement present (catch, painful arc, Gower's sign)
75
Cluster for Mechanical Traction
< 21 FABQ no neuro deficit involvement > 30 non-manual job
76
Cluster for Spinal Stenosis
``` B symptoms leg > back symptoms pain during walking/sitting relief with sitting > 48 ```

SCS Prep (16 decks)

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