spine + UE Flashcards
(80 cards)
1
Q
when do you clear the spine
A
performed when primary complaint is NOT spine
2
Q
UE clearing the spine
A
- AROM C spine (flex/ext, SB, rot)
- resist testing in neutral spine
- overpressure at end AROM
- compression/distraction
3
Q
LE clearing the spine
A
- AROM T/L spine (flex/ext, SB, rot)
- resist testing in neutral spine
- overpressure (in sitting)
4
Q
foraminal stenosis
A
- pain relieved w/ foraminal opening
- pain increased w/ foraminal closing
- unilateral radiating symptoms
5
Q
central stenosis
A
- bilateral symptoms
- anterior (disc pathology): motor + sensory
- posterior (ligamentum flavum hypertrophy): some sensory
6
Q
cervicogenic HA
A
- pain starts in neck region and migrates to head
- affects concentration, ability to read, vision, mood
7
Q
disc pathology - cervical spine
A
- bilateral symptoms
- motor first, then sensory
- sensitive to weightbearing
- usually central protrusion/herniation
- MOI: prolonged flexion or whiplash w/ rapid, forceful flexion
8
Q
whiplash
A
- muscle spasm/tightness
- disc-like symptoms in lower C spine
- brain stem type injury in upper C spine
- MOI: MVA, sports, work
9
Q
lumbar degenerative disc disease (DDD)
A
- nucleus pulposis dehydrates + nucleus annulus becomes less distinct
- disc becomes more convex + loses height
10
Q
disc pathology - lumbar spine
A
- unilateral symptoms (motor + sensory)
- reproduction w/ valsalva and weightbearing
- most discs herniate posteriorly
11
Q
spondylolisthesis
A
- minor: localized pain
- major: bilateral radicular symptoms
- MOI: repetitive or traumatic hyperextension
12
Q
lumbar spinal stenosis
A
- symptoms come on after short period of walking or standing
- symptoms relieved w/ sitting in flexed/slouched position
13
Q
SIJ hypermobility
A
- pain directly at SIJ, radiating down posterior leg to posterior knee
- common in young females, pregnant females
14
Q
functional instability
A
- inability to sit unsupported or stand in place for prolonged time
- altered or aberrant movement patterns
- weak deep stabilizing muscles
15
Q
cervical flexion
A
40 deg
16
Q
cervical extension
A
50-70 deg
17
Q
cervical SB
A
22 deg
18
Q
cervical rotation
A
70-90 deg
19
Q
thoracolumbar flexion
A
60 deg
20
Q
thoracolumbar extension
A
25 deg
21
Q
thoracolumbar SB
A
35 deg
22
Q
thoracolumbar rotation
A
45 deg
23
Q
lumbar flexion
A
40-50 deg
24
Q
lumbar extension
A
15-20 deg
25
lumbar SB
25 deg
26
main dermatome + myotome of shoulder
C5
27
clavicular rest position
- 20 deg elevation
- w/ elevated clavicle = lengthened pec major + short upper trap
28
humerus rest position
- cubital fossa faces anterior + slightly medial, w/ humerus IR
- short IRs (lats, teres major, subscap)
- long ERs (infra, teres minor)
29
scapular winging
dominant upper trap but weak SA + lower trap
30
AC joint sprain
- MOI: FOOSH, downward force on acromion, upward force on clavicle
- "pop" during injury
- weakness at endrange arm elevation
- pain at 90 deg shoulder flex, HADD, and at AC joint
- piano key
31
AC joint arthritis
- MOI: repetitive overhead or cross-body reaching
- weakness at endrange arm elevation
- pain at 90 deg shoulder flex, HADD, and at AC joint
- possible palpable bony growth
32
shoulder impingement
- MOI: bony growth, acromion shape, poor mechanics
- painful arch (60-120 deg abd)
- pain is irritated w/ reaching overhead or abd
- click or pop in shoulder
- pain over anterolateral shoulder
33
rotator cuff tendinopathy
- MOI: repeated microtrauma
- pain w/ contraction of RC, overhead reaching, repetitive loading, lying on shoulder
34
rotator cuff tear
- MOI: FOOSH, repetitive microtrauma
- weakness + pain
- muscle atrophy
- scapular malpositioning
35
RCT post-surgery
- pain + stiffness due to capsule irritation
- in abduction sling
- general guidelines = limit PROM flex, abd, ER, IR; no shoulder AROM
36
labral tear (bankart lesion)
- MOI: FOOSH, direct blow to shoulder, violent pull on shoulder, loaded lifting
- pop, click, clunk
- arm feels heavy, about to dislocate
- pain w/ overhead reach, esp abd/ER
- weakness
37
SLAP lesion
- MOI: overhead throwing, forced shoulder hyperextension, FOOSH, heavy lifting, direct trauma
- pop, click, clunk
- arm feels heavy, about to dislocate
- pain w/ flex, IR
- weakness
38
adhesive capsulitis (frozen shoulder)
- MOI: insidious
- correlated w/ middle age women, type II DM, and/or hypothyroidism
- progressive loss of AROM + PROM
39
adhesive capsulitis stages
- freezing: losing ROM, painful
- frozen: minimal ROM, less painful
- thawing: regaining ROM, pain varies
40
abnormal end feels
- empty = subacromial bursitis
- hard capsular = frozen shoulder
41
shoulder flexion
180 deg
42
shoulder extension
60 deg
43
shoulder scaption
180 deg
44
shoulder abduction
180 deg
45
shoulder IR
70 deg
46
shoulder ER
90 deg
47
normal cubital valgus
8-15 deg
48
ulnar nerve compromise
- medial 4th digit + 5th digit
- claw hands
- muscle atrophy of PADs, DABs, hypothenar muscles
- screening = "restroom" sign, key fob grip
49
locations of ulnar nerve entrapment
nerve roots, 1st rib, pec minor, humeral head, cubital tunnel, guyon's canal
50
median nerve compromise
- palmar 1st digit - lateral 4th digit
- ape hand (rest), bishop's head (active)
- muscle atrophy of thenar muscles
- screening = "okay" sign, opposition
51
locations of median nerve entrapment
nerve roots, b/w scalenes, pec minor, humeral head, pronator teres, carpal tunnel
52
median nerve clinical tests
tinel's, phalen's, reverse phalen's
53
radial nerve compromise
- dorsal 1st digit - lateral 4th digit
- wrist drop
- muscle atrophy of extensor compartment
- screening = "thumbs up"
54
locations of radial nerve entrapment
nerve roots, b/w scalenes, triangular space, spiral groove, lateral epicondyle, ECRB, arcade of froshe (supinator)
55
radial nerve clinical tests
tinel's, resisted supination
56
lateral elbow tendinopathy (tennis elbow)
- MOI: repetitive wrist extension w/ radial deviation
- hear or feel crepitus, esp w/ wrist flex/ext
- pain w/ eccentric wrist flex + gripping
- pain over lateral joint line
57
medial epicondylalgia (golfer's elbow)
- MOI: repetitive wrist flexion, gripping/twisting
- hear or feel crepitus, esp w/ wrist flex or gripping w/ twisting
- pain w/ eccentric wrist flex + gripping
- pain over medial joint line
58
cubital tunnel syndrome
- MOI: ulnar nerve entrapment, repetitive microtrauma, sustained positions, direct blow to posteromedial elbow
- numbness/tingling in ulnar nerve distribution
- weakness in ulnar sided gripping + w/ fine motor control
- ulnar nerve snapping
59
osteochondritis dessicans
- MOI: repetitive, forceful valgus motion
- younger athlete, male > female
- catching + locking in joint
- loss of elbow extension
60
ulnar collateral ligament sprain
- MOI: repetitive valgus force
- "snap" w/ MOI
- pain w/ valgus force, over medial elbow
61
lateral collateral ligament sprain
- MOI: repetitive varus movements, trauma w/ varus force, chronic crutch users
- may have radial head sublux
- lateral elbow pain
- feeling "unstable"
- popping, clicking, catching
62
radial head compression fracture
- MOI: FOOSH w/ elbow ext + pronation
- lateral elbow pain
- limited pro/sup
63
carpal tunnel syndrome
- MOI: sustained or repeated wrist flex/ext
64
deQuervain's tenosynovitis
- MOI: tenosynovitis b/w EPB + APL, repetitive radial deviation
- screening = thumb tuck
65
scaphoid fractures
- MOI: FOOSH w/ wrist hyperextension
- pain in snuffbox that worsens w/ ext + radial dev
- weak grip
66
CMC arthritis
- MOI: repetitive loading through thumb
- dull pain at base of thumb
- loss of grip + pinch strength
67
elbow flexion
150 deg
68
elbow extension
0 deg
69
elbow pronation
80 deg
70
elbow supination
80 deg
71
wrist flexion
80 deg
72
wrist extension
70 deg
73
wrist radial deviation
20 deg
74
wrist ulnar deviation
30 deg
75
MCP flexion
90 deg
76
MCP extension
45 deg
77
PIP flexion
100 deg
78
PIP extension
0 deg
79
DIP flexion
90 deg
80
DIP extension
0 deg
