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Sectional Anatomy > Spine- Week 3 > Flashcards

Spine- Week 3 Flashcards

(90 cards)

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1
Q

Physical characteristics of the Atlas?

A

cervical-1, no body or spinous process

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2
Q
A

A. Pedicle

B. Dorsal root ganglion

C. Superior Articular process

D. Superior vertebral notch

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3
Q

Location of the nasopharynx and it’s borders?

A

The most superior portion of the pharynx, bordered by the soft palate inferiorly, and the uvula

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4
Q
A

A. Sternocleidomastoid (SCM) muscle

B. Middle scalene muscle

C. Brachial plexus

D. T1

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5
Q

Where is the sacral plexus located ? What does it contain?

A

L4-5 and S1-4, contains the sciatic nerve

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6
Q

Which areas of the spine are most susceptible to injury?

A

Cervical and lumbar spines are more susceptible

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7
Q

The sternum is an attachment point for what?

A

Anterior attachment for true ribs and xiphoid process

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8
Q

An abnormal curvature of the spine known as kyphosis, means ?

A

Hunch back; exaggeration of thoracic curve

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9
Q

Slice spacing and overlap

A

Spacing is a direct ratio with slice thickness, by allowing some overlap of data from the first and last tube positions, over scans reduce motion artifacts

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10
Q

Where do the trachea and esophagus divide?

A

Divide at the level of the cricoid cartilage

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11
Q
A

A. Tectorial membrane

B. Posterior atlantooccipital membrane

C. Transverse band of cruciform ligament

D. Anterior longitudinal ligament

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12
Q
A

A. Transverse foramen of C1

B. Lateral mass of C1

C. Transverse process of C3

D. Body of C3

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13
Q

What is a diarthrodial joint?

A

Free movement

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14
Q

How many pairs of true ribs? False ribs? Which ones are floating?

A

True ribs- 7 pairs False ribs- 5 pairs …last two pairs of false ribs are “floating”

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15
Q

What is a synarthrodial joint?

A

No movement Example: skull sutures,fontanels(soft spot)

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16
Q

Where are the parathyroid glands located?

A

Posterior surface of the thyroid lobes

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17
Q
A

A. Anterior arch

B. Posterior Arch

C. Lateral Mass

D. Transverse foramen

E. Odontoid process of C2

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18
Q

Where does the spinal cord begin? End?

A

Begins at the foremen magnum in the occipital bone Ends at proper- L2, space-S2

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19
Q
A

A. Spinal cord

B. Nerve rootlets

C. Intervertebral foramen

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20
Q

What are the three types of cartilage of the neck?

A

Thyroid,epiglottis,cricoid

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21
Q

What are the three sections of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)

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22
Q

What is the kVp setting? What does it control?

A

It is the tube potential, controls the maximum energy of the x-ray beam produced typically at 120 to 140 kVp This setting is usually automatic

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23
Q

Conventional start and stop or step and shoot method

A

The tube in the gantry makes one revolution, stops then reverses its rotation

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24
Q

What is an intervertebral foramina? What does it allow?

A

Opening found between adjacent vertebrae, allows for passage of spinal nerves

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25
What is the glottis responsible for?
Responsible for voice production
26
A. Intervertebral disk (nucleus pulposus) B. Cauda equina C. Ligamenta flava D. Inerspinous ligament
27
What is the nucleus pulposus? What is an intervertebral disc made of? What does it do?
Semi fluid central portions of an intervertebral disc, disc is made up of fibrocartilage, helps to cushion the spine
28
What is the trachea ?
An airway anterior to the esophagus consisting of c-shaped cartilage that maintains an open passageway
29
A. Body B. Pedicle C. Lamina D. Transverse Process E. Spinous Process F. Vertebral Foramen
30
Where is the lumbar plexus located?
T12 and L1-L4
31
Which regions of the spine are convex?
Thoracic and sacral portions of spine
32
A. Ilium B. Sacral foramina C. Lateral mass D. Sacroiliac joint E. body of S1
33
Characteristics of the parotid salivary glands
Largest salivary gland, located between the Ramus of mandible and sternocleidomastoid muscle and extend from EAM to angle of the mandible
34
A. Cauda equina B. Epidural fat C. Multifidus muscle D. Intervertebral disk (nucleus pulposus)
35
What are the true cords in the neck?
Inferior pair of cords that when in relaxed position create opening called the glottis
36
A. Internal jugular vein B. Subclavian vein C. Subclavian artery D. Brachial plexus
37
A. Multifidus Muscle B. Lamina C. Semispinalis capitis muscle D. Splenius capitis muscle E. Trapezius muscle
38
Location of the laryngopharynx and it's borders?
Extends from oropharynx to the esophagus, posterior to the larynx
39
What is the pitch?
The relation of tale speed to slice thickness, used in spiral or helical scanning With a pitch of 1:1 the table moves at a speed that allows all an atomic areas to be covered
40
Location of the oropharynx and it's borders?
Extends from soft palate to the level of the hyoid bone, bordered by palatine tonsils laterally and lingual tonsils (base of the tongue)
41
A. Nucleus Pulposis B. Annulus Fibrosis C. Superior Articular Process D. Inferior Articular Process C. Zygapophyseal joint (facet joint)
42
A. Sacral foramina B. Sacral promontory C. Coccyx
43
What is transverse myelitis? What are the symptoms?
inflammation of spinal cord...numbness and tingling,paralysis,death if respiratory function is involved
44
Characteristics of sublingual salivary gland?
Smallest salivary gland located under the tongue on the floor of the mouth
45
Physical characteristics of the Axis?
Cervical-2, Has large odontoid process
46
What is the primary function of the spinal cord?
Primary reflex center of the body, provides 2-way conduction path to and from the brain
47
A. Tectorial Membrane B. Supraspinous ligament C. Odontoid process of C2 D. Anterior longitudinal ligament
48
A. Occipital bone B. Odontoid process of C2 C. Anterior arch of C1 D. Spinous process of C3
49
where is the trachea located ?
At level of T-5, then branches into right and left main stem bronchi; this area is called the carina
50
A. Ligamentum Nuchae B. Spinal Cord C. Transverse ligament D. Odontoid process of C2 E. Lateral mass of C1
51
The intercostal nerves are located where?
T2-T11
52
A. Atlantooccipital joint B. Lateral mass of C1 C. Atlantoaxial joint D. Uncinate process
53
Where is the brachial plexus located?
C5-T1
54
A. Pedicle B. Cauda equina C. Conus Medullaris
55
A. Posterior thecal sac B. Spinal cord C. CSF in subarachnoid space D. Anterior arch of C1
56
A. Basivertebral vein B. Thecal sac C. Cauda equina D. Psoas muscle
57
A. Psoas Muscle B. transversospinal muscle group C. Longissimus muscle D. Iliocostalis muscle E. Ligamenta flava
58
What is slice thickness?
Thinner slices produce sharper images because the system must flatten the scan thickness (volume) into two dimensions (a flat image)
59
What is the typical tolerance dose for the spinal cord as a whole? Cervical spine? Thoracic spine? Lumbar spine?
Spinal cord-\> tolerance dose 5/5 is 4500 cGy -cervical-\>4500 -thoracic-\>4000 -lumbar-\>5000
60
The cervical plexus is located where?
C1 -4
61
A. Multifidus muscle B. Spinous process C. Iliocostalis thoracis muscle
62
What is Waldeyer's ring? What is it formed by?
Ring of lymphoid tissue formed by the lingual, palatine, and pharyngeal tonsils (adenoids)
63
What is a amphiarthrodial joint?
Slight movement Example: between vertebral bodies
64
What regions of the spine are concave?
Cervical and lumbar portions of the spine
65
Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the spine, meaning what?
Lateral bending of the vertebral column, most common in the thoracic region
66
Location of cricoid cartilage in the neck?
Ring base of larynx, marks junction between larynx and trachea
67
An abnormal curvature of the spine, lordosis is when the spine does what?
There is an exaggeration of the lumbar curve
68
What is the function of the cervical plexus?
Relay messages from shoulder and neck
69
The spine consists of which regions and how many vertebrae in each region?
7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, sacrum (5-fused), coccyx (4-fused)
70
Pharynx
Funnel-shaped muscular tube that acts as an opening for both the respiratory and digestive system
71
What is the location of the larynx?
Found within the neck at the Beginning of lower respiratory system, before trachea
72
A. Lumbar (segmental) artery B. Intercostal (segmental) artery C. Aorta
73
A. Epidural fat B. Dorsal root C. Ventral root D. Conus Medullaris E. Costovertebral joint
74
What is a plexus?
Network of intersecting branches of nerves
75
A. Iliocostalis muscle B. Rotatores muscle C. Longissimus muscle D. Trapezius muscle
76
A. Intervertebral disk B. Posterior longitudinal ligament C. Conus Medullaris D. Cauda equina E. subarachnoid space with CSF
77
What is the esophagus and where is it located?
Muscular tube that extends to cardiac orifice of the stomach, located between the trachea and the vertebral coloum in the neck
78
A. Brachial Plexus B.Left subclavian artery C. Right vertebral artery D. Right subclavian vein
79
What does mA and s stand for when measuring in mAs? What does mAs control?
mA: (tube current): controls the rate at which x-rays are produced s: (scan time): controls the duration of the exposure mAs: controls the total number of x-rays produced
80
What are false cords or vestibular folds?
Most superior cords in the neck
81
Characteristics of thyroid cartilage in the neck?
Largest and most superior, right and left lamina form a shield
82
What are the piriform sinuses?
Triangular shaped spaces that divert food away from the entrance to the larynx into the esophagus. When food gets stuck here; choking
83
A. Sacral plexus B. Sacroiliac joint C. Sacrum
84
How many pairs of spinal nerves are there?
31 pairs
85
Characteristics of epiglottis in neck?
Elastic moveable flap that covers the opening of the larynx during swallowing
86
What is the thyroid gland and where is it located ?
Bilobed endocrine gland, located at the level of cricoid cartilage, releases hormones that regulate vital body functions such as body temp.,breathing, heart rate, body weight, etc
87
Spiral or helical scanning (continuous acquisition scanning)
Scanning utilizes a slip ring technology as opposed to the cable system in the conventional system. Spiral or helical technology has allowed for improved images as well as 3D capabilities
88
Characteristics of the submandibular salivary gland?
Gland borders posterior half of mandible. Extends from angle of mandible to level of hyoid bone
89
A. Spinal cord B. Pedicle C. Rib D. Conus Medullaris
90
What is the primary branch of the cervical plexus?
Phrenic nerve, which is attached to the diaphragm

Sectional Anatomy (4 decks)

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