Spiral - Chapter 6

Question 1

Define consultation

Answer 1

Process by which the knowledge of one person is used to help another make better decisions

Question 2

Define informal consulting

Answer 2

Consulting that doesn’t require a written agreement/formal contract. Consultant is a resource person responsible for organizing health education materials & responding to requests for health education information/materials

Question 3

Define formal consulting

Answer 3

Consulting that requires a written agreement/formal contract. Hired for his/her expertise in an area for which the client needs assistance, advice, direction, etc. Formal consulting follows steps - Diagnosis, recommendation, action, evaluation, & termination

Question 4

Define evidence-based

Answer 4

Programs/strategies that have been evaluated & are found to be effective

Question 5

Define health numeracy

Answer 5

The ability to understand numbers

Question 6

Define primary data sources

Answer 6

Publications/descriptions of research studies or data written by the individuals who participated in the studies

Question 7

Define secondary data sources

Answer 7

Publications of research studies/data written by an individual who did not participate in those studies

Question 8

Define tertiary data sources

Answer 8

Publications such as encyclopedias or other compendia that sum up secondary & primary sources

Question 9

What are two good primary sources for population & health statistics?

Answer 9

US Census & NCHS (National Center for Health Statistics)

Question 10

What are voluntary health organizations? Examples?

Answer 10

Orgs that deal with health needs & rely heavily on donations/volunteers to function. EX: American Cancer Society, American Lung Association, Red Cross, etc.

Question 11

What is Medline Plus?

Answer 11

National Library of Medicine’s website for consumer health information. Includes health topics, a medical encyclopedia, interactive health tutorials, & health news.

Question 12

What is Healthfinder?

Answer 12

Department of Health & Human Services (HHS) website for consumer access to info from government agencies & their partners. Links to online journals, medical dictionaries, prevention/self-care info.

Question 13

What is HON?

Answer 13

Health on the Net - Non-profit medical information portal that links to reliable & trustworthy medical sites on the internet

Question 14

Define SOPHE

Answer 14

Society for Public Health Education

Question 15

Define ASHA

Answer 15

American School Health Association

Question 16

What are some (2) electronic mailing resources?

Answer 16

HEDIR, HEALTHPROM

Question 17

What are some (3) websites with health education materials?

Answer 17

• GEM (Gateway to Educational Materials)
• HRSA (Health Resources & Services Admin) by HHS
• National Health Info Center

Question 18

What is MEDLINE?

Answer 18

Database of medical & health education journals. Access is through PubMed & the National Library of Medicine (NLM). FREE.

Question 19

What is ERIC?

Answer 19

Education Resource Info Center - Contains journals & articles related to school health. Also proceedings from conferences or policies. FREE!

Question 20

What is EBMR?

Answer 20

Evidence-Based Medicine Reviews - Collection of databases with evidence-based strategies, programs, & medicine.

Question 21

What is HAPI?

Answer 21

Health & Psychosocial Instruments - Rating scales, questionnaires, interview schedules, coding, etc. for health & social sciences. Recognize valdity & reliability concerns. FEE!

Question 22

What is PsycInfo?

Answer 22

Database about psychology

Question 23

Which URL endings are best?

Answer 23

.org, .gov, .edu

Question 24

What are some ways to communicate w/ a low health literacy population?

Answer 24

• Speak slowly
• Repeat key messages
• Plain language
• Analogies people know
• Avoid many stats
• Allow questions!
• “Teach back” technique
• Use multiple materials/strategies

Question 25

What are some tools to assess readability/literacy? (3)

Answer 25

- SMOG - Fry Readability Formula - Flesch-Kincaid readability tests

Question 26

What are the four components of the Institute of Medicine's Model of Health Literacy?

Answer 26

- Cultural & Conceptual Knowledge - Oral literacy (listening/speaking) - Print literacy - Numeracy

Question 27

Define NCHEC

Answer 27

National Commission for Health Education Credentialing

Question 28

What are some key components of andragogy?

Answer 28

- Adults are motivated when they have needs/interests the learning can satisfy - Adults like life-centered learning - Experience is best source of learning for adults - Adults are self-directed learners - Consider differences in age, time, place, & pace - Get them involved in the process & make sure its relevant - Explain value of topics - Use problem-solving techniques

Question 29

What is the ARCS model?

Answer 29

Considers motivational theories (extrinsic & intrinsic) = You must capture.... Attention, Relevance, Confidence, & Satisfaction

Question 30

What is Gagne's Theory of Instruction?

Answer 30

Categories of learning are - Verbal, Cognitive, Intellectual, Motor, & Attitudes. Nine events seen in book.

Question 31

What is Bloom's Taxonomy?

Answer 31

Classifies learning objectives. Learning in the cognitive domain should apply to higher-order of processes instead of lower-order objectives.. Objectives should be mentally demanding.

Question 32

What are the components of Bloom's Taxonomy?

Answer 32

- Knowledge - Comprehension - Application - Analysis - Synthesis (relate from several areas & draw conclusions) - Evaluation

Question 33

What is the basic premise of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs?

Answer 33

Each level of needs must be met before a person can move to the next levels.

Question 34

What are the levels in Maslow's Hierarchy?

Answer 34

- Physiological (food, water, warmth) - Safety - Needs of love (belonging) - Esteem (status/achievement) - Self-Actualization (personal fulfillment

Question 35

Why must training be evaluated? (3)

Answer 35

- Justify its existence & its contribution - Determine whether to continue - Collect info on how to improve

Question 36

What are the levels of training assessment? (4)

Answer 36

- Reaction (feelings) - Learning (attitudes/knowledge changes) - Behavior (are they using the skills?) - Results (effects on org)

Question 37

What is an internal consultant?

Answer 37

Health educator is informally advising colleagues within an agency - No contract

Question 38

What are the steps in formal consulting (5)

Answer 38

- Assessment of client needs - Reports/suggestions for action - Implementation of agreed-upon actions - Eval of suggested actions - Final reporting of results

Question 39

What are some benefits of partnering? (5)

Answer 39

- Increased credibility beyond individual organizations - Leveraging/maximizing resources - Improving reach to community - Increased broad support for an effort - Minimizing duplication of efforts

Question 40

What are the components of informed consent? (4)

Answer 40

- Info about program, procedure, or research project - Individuals' roles/responsibilities - Risks & benefits to participation - Voluntary agreement