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Spirits and Liqueurs Flashcards

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0
Q

What destillation is used for vodka production?

A

Continuous still

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1
Q

What is Vodka?

A

neutral, clear liquor

russian word for water

may be distilled from potstoes, rye, grapes, beets, molasses

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2
Q

why is Vodka filtered with charcoal?

A

to make it ultra-clean

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3
Q

what happens, if vodka is destilled over and over?

A

the stronger and purer the final spirit will be

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4
Q

in EU, vodka must have a minimum abv?

A

37,5%

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5
Q

Vodka producers?

A 
Stolichnaya
Ikon (both Russia)
Chopin
Belvedere (both Poland)
Grey Goose (France)
Ketel One (Holland)
Tito's handmade Vodka (Texas 100%corn)
Smirnoff (global, Diageo owned; Russian origin-not produced there for a century)
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6
Q

vommon flavors for vodka are:

A 
lemon/citron
vanilla
orange
rasperry
blueberry
fruits and spices
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7
Q

What is Aquavit?

A

scandinavian liquor
fermented from potatoes or grain
flavoured with caraway root and other aromatics
(basiclly flavoured vodka)

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8
Q

Soju

A

korean soju or jamanese shochu, destilled liquor made out of sake-now also made out of grain and potato- similar in style to unflavoured vodka

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9
Q

Awamori?

A

an Okinawan style of schochi - always destilled from rice

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10
Q

gin?

A

essentially flavored vodka

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11
Q

production of gin?

A

neutral grain spirit, flavoured with a range of botanicals - JUNIPER BERRIES are the most important component - and redistilled

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12
Q

What is London Dry Gin?

A

wide range of botanical flavorings
addition to juniper berries, often contains citrus and spice elements
orange peel, lemon peel, anise, cardamom, coriander, nutmeg, angelica root, …

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13
Q

Popular London Dry Gin brands?

A

Beefeater, Tanqueray, Bombay Sapphire, Gordon’s, Boodles

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14
Q

Where was gin developed?

A

Holland

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15
Q

How is Genever produced?

A

pot still
sweeter, but less alcoholic than London Dry Gin
Juniper and malt are dominant aromatics
min 15% malt wine (destillate of corn, rye and wheat)

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16
Q

Corenwyn?

A

Corn wine
cask aged Genever
maltwine comprises 51% of destillate

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17
Q

Jonge

A

cleaner, more neutral Genever

with less malt wine

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18
Q

Oude

A

traditional Genever

15% maltwine

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19
Q

Plymouth Gin?

A

just produced by Plymouth, Coates & Co (England)
fuller body than London Dry Gin
very aromatic

(for Pink Gin Cocktail)

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20
Q

What is Old Tom Gin?

A

English style rarely
lightly sweetened gin

old tom - was 19th century slang for black cat

Gin for the classic Tom Collins Cocktail

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21
Q

Whiskey - Whisky

A

Whisky prefereef spelling for Scotch

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22
Q

What is Whiskey?

A

… is distilled product of fermented grains, including unmalted and malted barley, maize, rye, oats, wheat

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23
Q

Where does the word Whiskey comes from?

A

Uisgebeatha

Gaelic for “Water of Life”

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24
When was the first written proof of Whiskey?
Scotland 1494
25
When was Americas Whiskey Rebellion held?
1794
26
Bourbon Whiskey
destilled from min 51% corn pioneered by Elijah Craig aged in new oak casks if aged for less than 4 years- it has do be written on label Bourbon County is located at Kentucky 95% of Bourbon Whiskey is produced in that state MAY LEGALLY BE PRODUCED ANYWHERE IN THE US
27
What is Tennessee Whiskey?
must be produced in Tennessee currently only product by Jack Daniels and George Dickel must be filtered with maple charcoal prior to aging sour mash whiskey (portion of spent mash to neely fermenting mash)
28
Sour mash?
utilized by many Bourbon destillers spent mash into newly fermenting mash
29
What is Rye Whiskey?
destilled from min 51% rye aged in new charred oak barrels min 2 years producers: Sazerac, Rittenhouse more bitter and powerful than Bourbon
30
Corn Whiskey?
produced min 80% corn may be unaged or aged used or uncharred new barrels labelled STRAIGHT (if spirit spent a minimum of 2 years in appropriate barrel)
31
Straight Whiskey?
if spirit spent min 2 years in the appropriate barrel
32
Difference American - Scotch Whiskey?
American: rely on newly charred wood Scotch: used casks, used Bourbon and Sherry casks
33
2009 Scotch Whisky Regulation established 5 legal categories of Scotch. Which?
``` Single Malt Scotch Whisky Single Grain Scotch Whisky Blended Malt Scotch Whisky Blended Grain Scotch Whisky Blended Scotch Whisky ```
34
What is Single Malt Scotch Whisky?
destilled from malted barley pot still at a single distillery from 2012 all single malts must be bottled in Scotland
35
What is Single Grain Whiskey?
single destillery | unmalted barley, wheat or corn
36
What is Blended Malt Scotch Whiskey?
produced from a blend of Malt Whiskies
37
What is Blended Grain Scotch Whisky?
produced from two or more Grain Whiskies
38
What is Blended Whisky?
Mixture of Malt and Grain Whiskies produced of a number of different distilleries
39
What is the old term "Pure Malt Scotch Whisky" now called?
Synonym for Blended Malt Whiskies
40
Where is it allowed to produce Scotch Whisky?
all must be produced in Scotland destilled twice (or more) aged for at least three years
41
How long generally Single Malt Scotch ages?
at least 10 years | some are released at 25 or 30 years of age
42
Why Scotch Whisky can not be aged longer than 30 or 32 years?
"angles share" all whiskies must be at least 40%abv eavporation over time would weaken the spirit too much to meet the legal minimum
43
six regions on Scotland producing Whisky?
``` Highlands Lowlands Speyside Islay Campbeltown Islands ```
44
What is Scotlands largest Whisky region?
Highlands Oban Glenmorangie Dalwhinnie Dalmore
45
Highlands Whisky producers?
Glenmorangie Oban Dalwhinnie Dalmore
46
What is often the lightest and least smoky Scoch?
Lowlands Glenkinchie Auchentoshan Bladnoch
47
Lowlands Scoch producers?
Glenkinchie Auchentoshan Bladnoch
48
Where is Spyside? | producers?
former subzone of Highlands home of a large number of destilleries Glenlivet Glenfiddich Macallan produced in Speyside with water from the river Spey generally milder and fruity in character
49
Name the 3 distilleries of Campbletown?
Glen Scotia Glengyle Springbank
50
Major Scotch producing Islands?
``` Skye (Talisker) Jura Mull Arran Orkney (Highland Park) ```
51
Destilleries of Islay
Ardberg Lagavulin Laphroaig most peaty and smoky style of Scoch
52
casks used for Single Malts
``` Port Sherry Madeira Burgundy Sauternes ```
53
Name the 2 destilleries who a pioneers of style crafting a softer, fruitier style of Single Malts designed to win converts to the category overall?
Glenmorangie | Balvenie
54
Name the 3 active Irish Whiskey destilleries?
Old Bushmills Cooley New Midleton (Producers of Jameson)
55
Difference between Scotch and Irish Whiskey?
Irish Whiskey is typically lighter, less smoky and traditionally distilled 3 times in pot still; must be aged at least 3 years prior to release ( in practice they age for at least 7 years)
56
Where except Ireland, US and Scotland - Whiskey is produced?
Canada & Japan
57
Japans most famous Whiskey producer?
Suntory offering blended and single malt Whiskies
58
Japan Whiskey Style?
admirers of Scotch | produce Whiskey in similar style
59
What is Canadian Rye Whiskey?
generally blended must be aged for three years before sale no legal requirements Glenora Destillers (Cape Breton Island of Nova Scotia) destills malt whisky in style of Scotch
60
Brandy?
Counterpart to Whiskey Brandy used wine as it source material eau de vie - water of life
61
EU defination of Brandy?
destillation of wine with min abv 36% min oak aging of 6 months may be produced across the worlds viticultural regions
62
Where is Brandy produced?
Across the worlds viticultural regions France, California, Spain, Germany, South America, Eastern Europe
63
Name the 2 delimated regions of Brandy production in Southwest France?
Cognac | Armagnac
64
When was Cognac first defined and where is it located?
1909 | northeast of Bordeaux
65
Cognac's 6 defined regions?
``` Grande Champagne Petite Champagne Borderies Fins Bois Bons Bois Bois Ordinaires (Bois a Terroirs) ```
66
Soils of Grande Champagne and Petite Champagne?
high % of soft chalk | preferred soil for Cognac
67
Soils of all Cognac regions except Grande & Petite Champagne?
hard limestone sand clay
68
What is Cognac?
destilled from low alcohol, acidic base wine produced from Ugni Blanc (98%), Folle Blanche, Colombard,...
69
Production of Cognac?
destilled twice | in copper Charaintais pot still
70
Name of the 2 destillation in Cognac production?
Brouillis (1. destillation - 28-32% alc) Bonne Chauffe (2. destillation - 70% abv)
71
Bonne Chauffe (Second destillation at Cognac production) is devided in several parts- which?
tete (head) coeur (heart) secondes (second cuts) queue (tails)
72
Cognac labels may give an designation of age- which?
VS - very special or *** min 2 years cask VSOP - very special (superior) old pale min 4 years cask XO - extra old min 6 years cask (many are aged 15-20 yrs prior to release)
73
Do Vintage Cognac exist?
while now legal, are rare
74
If Grande Champagne is labeled eau de vie originates from...
100% named area
75
Fine Champagne on the label means?
Cognac is destilled from wines produced in Grande and Petite Champagne regions - Grande Champagne composing at least 50% of blend
76
Where is Armagnac located?
southeast of Bordeaux
77
3 regions of Armagnac?
Haut Armagnac Bas Armagnac Armagnac Tenareze
78
Grapes Armagnac produced from?
Ugni Blanc Colombard Folle Blanche (Picpoul) Baco Blanc (only hybrid authorized in any french appellation)
79
What is Frances only hybrid grape authorized in an AOP appellation?
Baco Blanc | at Armagnac region
80
Production of Armagnac?
produced from a blend my be destilled twice Charentais pot still 95% of all undergoes only one destillation in cooper continuous still
81
Aging for Armagnac?
young Armagnac is aged in oak casks until it reaches its desired state or bottled after 3 months in an inert container as Blanche Armagnac AOC
82
What is Blanche Armagnac AOC
appellation since 2005 Armagnac bottles after 3 months in an inert container clear spirit
83
Armagnac indications?
VS - aged at least 2 years in wood VSOP - min 5 years XO - min 6 years oak
84
BNIA
Bureau National Interprofessionel de l'Armagnac
85
BNIA new grading system?
Bureau National Interprofessionel de l'Armagnac VS or *** barrel for 1-3 years VSOP 4-9 years XO or Hors d'Age 10+years (2013)
86
Coupage
cellarmaster will blend a number of barrel selections
87
Vintage bottlingd in Armagnac?
must be aged min 10 years vintage highlights the distinction of particular harvest
88
Cognac producers?
Remy Martin Hennessy Martell Courvoisier
89
Armagnacstlye - cognac?
Armagnac is more rustic, fiery and more flavorful than Cognac
90
Except Cognac and Armagnac, name other regions of brandy production in France?
Fine de Bordeaux Fine de Bourgogne Fine de la Marne (all are rarely seen today)
91
German Brandy. | producer?
Asbach Weinbrand Charentais pot still using base wine produced from Cognac grapes
92
Spain Brandy? Name? Region? Grapes?
Brandy de Jerez Andalucia- region of Sherry aged in sinilar solera system wines based on Airen and Palomino grapes Brandies labeled: Solera: age 1 year Solera Reserva: 3 years Solera Gran Reserva: 10 years
93
Brandy de Jerez. | producers?
most notable Sherry producers also make Brandy de Jerez Domecq, Emilio Lustau, Osborne
94
What are Aguardente?
Brandy from Portugal
95
Italien Brandy? | Grapes used?
Buton | Trebbiano (ugni blanc)
96
Pisco?
Brandy from Chile and Peru not aged in wood base for Pisco Sour Cocktail
97
Pomace?
remnantants left after pressing grapes
98
Name some Pomace spirits around the World?
Marc (France) Grappa (Italy) Bagaceira (Portugal)
99
Best examples for Pomace spirits made in France...
Marc de... Champagne Alsace Burgundy
100
Name two Grappa distiller?
``` Jacopo Poli Giannola Nonino (first one to deshill Picolit for grappa - produce a aromatic example) ```
101
Styles of grappa?
most are clear ``` some wood aged may be labeled: riserva stravecchia vecchia invecchiata ``` grappa may be aromatized with added herbal, spice or fruit flavor
102
What is Calvados?
Eau de Vie destilled from apple and pear cider produced in the normandy region (northern France) may be released as vintage or blend of years
103
Calvados' 3 delimated appellations?
Calvados AOC Calvados Domfrontais AOC Calvados Pays d'Auge AOC
104
Calvados Production?
traditionally destilled twice in a copper pot still | aged for min 2 years in casks
105
Calvados Pays d'Auge
Premier region of production | limits pear cider to max 30%
106
Calvados Domfrontais
must recent appellation requires min 30% perry (pear cider) min 3 years cask
107
Calvados latter may be labeled as...
Vieux or Reserve: 3 years age Vieille Reserve or VSOP: 4 years XO, Hors d'Auge, Extra or Napoleon: min 6 years
108
Youngest Calvados are labeled as:
Fine
109
Notable Eaux de vie are...
Kirschwasser (Kirsch - cherries) Poire William ( Williams - bartlett) Framboise (Raspberry) made from plums: Slivovitz, Mirabelle, Quetsch, Prunelle Boukha: Fig (Tunesia) Barak Palinka: Apricots (Hungary)
110
What is Rum?
Destilled spirit from fermented sugarcane or molasses a byproduct of processing sugarcane into sugar
111
Name the 4 major styles if rum:
light rum dark rum demerara rum rhum agricole
112
What is "light rum"?
distilled by continuous method filtered with charcoal after short cask aging to remove any color best suited for mixing as it has little character
113
What is "Damerara Rum"?
light rum style unique to Guyana | spirit is distilled from molasses and sometime aged for over a decade prior to release
114
What is Cachaca?
Brazilian spirit | is produced from fermented sugarcane and is essentially light rum
115
What is "Dark Rum"?
fuller in body darker in colour dominated by more complex caramel notes may be distilled twice in pot still and be aged for a number of years prior to release
116
Why is dark rum dark?
aging darkens the spirit, but final color is almost achieved by adding caramel
117
What is Rhum Agricole?
French style produced mainly on Martinique may only be produced from sugarcane juice column distillation is mandated in Martinique
118
What can be claim to be the southernmost AOC in France?
``` Martinique AOC (Caribbean) for Rhum Agricole ```
119
What are Spiced Rums?
rums flavored with the addition of spice or fruit f.ex. Captain Morgan
120
What is Tequila?
product of fermented juice of the cooked PINA (pineapple) - the heart of the BLUE AGAVE plant traditional pot still (twice) or continuous method
121
Where does Tequila comes from?
Mexico mainly from JALISCO
122
Where except in Jalisco - Tequila is produced?
Guanajuato Tamaulipas Nayarit Michoacan
123
Tequila is made of...
only the best is made of 100% blue agave juice most are mixto (min 51% blue agave - other sugars make up the remainser of the ferment)
124
What means Tequila blanco or Tequila silver?
tequila, that is bottled immediately after distillation
125
Tequila Reposado?
Tequila aged 60 days to one year in oak casks
126
Tequila Anejo?
Tequila that are aged to a maximum of three years in cask
127
Extra Anejo?
``` new category (since 2006) Tequilas aged a minimum of 3 years in casks ```
128
Mezcal?
All tequila is mezcal- but not all mezcal is tequila. Mezcal is distilled liquor produced from fermented agave pricipially in the state of Oaxaca
129
What is used for Mezcal?
distillers typically use maguey (agave americana) or espadin agave ( agave angustifolia) rather than blue agave (agave tequiliana)
130
What may Mezcal be labeled?
Reposado | Anejo
131
The infamous worm can be found in some bottles of...
Mezcal (mezcal con gusano) not in tequila!
132
what is a Bitter?
base spirit flavored by addition of spices, herbs, roots, fruit or botanicals
133
Name a well known style of "amaro" Bitters?
Fernet - Fernet Branca
134
"amaro" Bitters can be devided into 2 categories...
those to be anjoyed as: aperitif (lower alc like campari, aperol,...) digistif (higher alc like fernet, averna,...)
135
Name Bitters suitable for cocktail falvoring rather than straight drinking?
Angustora bitters - produced from base of Rum in Trinidad
136
Name some Bitter Herbal Liqueurs?
``` Fernet Branca Averna Ramazzotti Cynar Campari Aperol Amer Picon Suze Boonekam Unicum Jägermeister ```
137
Fernet Branca?
Italy Herbs, Roots, Spices
138
Averna?
Italy Herbs, Roots, Citrus
139
Ramazzotti?
Italy Roots, Herbs, Orange Peel, Anise
140
Cynar?
Italy Artichoke
141
Campari?
Italy Herbs, Quinine, Rhubarb, Orange
142
Aperol?
Italy Orange, Gentian, Rhubarb
143
Amer Picon
France Orange, Gentian
144
Suze?
France Gentian Root, Herbs
145
Boonekamp?
Germany (Underberg) Herbs, Roots, Spices
146
Unicum
Hungary Herbs, Spices
147
Jägermeister
Germany Herbs, Spices, Fruits
148
Name some fruit liqueurs?
``` Cointreau Curacao Grand Marnier Van der Hume Maraschino Chambord Creme de Cassis Cherry Heering Midori Tamara Malibu Sloe Gin Limincello ```
149
Cointreau?
France Orange
150
Curacao
Netherlands (Antilles) Laraha Citrus
151
Grand Marnier?
France Orange - Cognac base
152
Van der Hume
South Africa Tangerine
153
Maraschino?
Croatia Cherry
154
Chombard
France Black Raspberry
155
Creme de cassis
France Blackcurrent
156
Cherry Heering
Denmark Cherry
157
Pisang Ambon?
Netherlands Banana
158
Midori?
Japan Melon
159
Tamara
Israel Dates
160
Malibu
Barbados Coconut Rum base
161
Sloe Gin?
England Sloe berries sweetened gin base
162
Limincello
Italy Lemon
163
Name some coffee, cream, nut and egg liqueurs?
``` Advocaat Bailey's Amarula Tia Maria Kahlua Godiva Frangelico Amaretto ```
164
Advocaat?
Netherlands sweetened egg
165
Bailey's?
Ireland cream & chocolate
166
Amarula
South Africa cream & marula fruit
167
Tia Maria?
Jamaica coffee (rum base)
168
Kahlua?
Mexico coffee (rum base)
169
Godiva?
Belgium Chocolate
170
Frangelico?
Italy hazelnut
171
Amaretto?
Italy Apricot & Almond
172
Whiskey based Liqueurs?
``` Southern Comfort Drambuie Glen Mist Glayva Irish Mist ```
173
Southern Comfort?
American Whiskey Peach, Orange, Spice
174
Drambuie?
Scotch Whisky Heather Honey & Herbs
175
Glen Mist
Scotch Whisky Heather Honey & Herbs
176
Glayva?
Scotch Whisky Honey, Tangerine & Spices
177
Irish Mist
irish Whiskey Honey & Herbs
178
Pernod
France Anise
179
Ricard
France Anise
180
Pastis 51
France Anise
181
Ouzo
Greece Anise
182
Sambuca
Italy Anise & Elderberry
183
Galliano
Italy Herbs, Anise, Vanillia
184
Licor 43
Spain Vanilla, Herbs, Spices
185
Kümmel
Denmark Caraway
186
Benedictine
france Herbs & Spices
187
Chartreuse (green or yellow)
France Herbs, Plants, Roots, Spices
188
B&B
France (cocktail originated in NY) blended Benedictine and Brandy
189
Strega?
Italy Saffron, Herbs, Spices
190
St Germain
France Elderflower
191
Krupnik?
Poland Honey

Advanced Somm (5 decks)

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