Spiritual & Sociocultural Variables

Question 1

Define Spirituality

Answer 1

that which arises out each person’s unique life experiences & his/her effort to find meaning & purpose

Question 2

Define Religion

Answer 2

a particular system of worship & faith; an organized system of beliefs & practices

Question 3

Define Faith

Answer 3

belief in something even when there is no evidence or proof; can involve the belief in a god or doctrines of a religion

Question 4

Define Spiritual Health

Answer 4

a feeling of being generally alive, purposeful, and fulfilled

Question 5

What behaviours indicate spiritual health or spiritual well-being?

Answer 5

after the practice you feel genuineness, gratitude, happiness, enlightened

Question 6

what is the purpose of assessing the spiritual variable

Answer 6

how does this person make sense of their experience; how do they cope and find meaning to move forward?

Question 7

How can we promote spiritual health?

Answer 7

Ask client about spirituality, ask questions: do you have any spiritual or religious practices

Question 8

Assessing spirituality using the PNUR Variable Assessment Guide:

purpose / meaning

Answer 8

Meaning is derived from the individual client when a search for insight and expression of underlying feelings regarding one’s philosophy of life, values and beliefs about health and health challenges is explored

Question 9

Assessing spirituality using the PNUR Variable Assessment Guide:

interconnectedness

Answer 9

An individual’s sense of love, belonging and connection to self, others, a higher power, nature, and the cosmos

Question 10

Assessing spirituality using the PNUR Variable Assessment Guide:

faith

Answer 10

A belief in the unseen or unknown. Faith is a firm belief in the ability to draw on spiritual resources with certainty despite any evidence or proof

Question 11

Assessing spirituality using the PNUR Variable Assessment Guide:

religion

Answer 11

A system of organized worship ascribing to a set of doctrines which the person practices.

Question 12

Assessing spirituality using the PNUR Variable Assessment Guide: religion

Answer 12

A system of organized worship ascribing to a set of doctrines which the person practices.

Question 13

Assessing spirituality using the PNUR Variable Assessment Guide:

forgiveness

Answer 13

Explore with your client their ability to forgive others and/or their openness to accept forgiveness from others as a starting point of “letting go” of past feelings of being hurt, angry, resentful, betrayed etc.

Question 14

Assessing spirituality using the PNUR Variable Assessment Guide:

creativity

Answer 14

Any activity producing a sense of peace, comfort, and soulfulness for individuals

Question 15

Assessing spirituality using the PNUR Variable Assessment Guide:

transcendence

Answer 15

A process/experience beyond the usual sensory phenomena.

Often associated with classical mystic experiences of God (not reserved for religious experience alone, but may be related to aesthetic reactions to art and music or the response to the majesty of creation)

Question 16

Define spiritual distress

Answer 16

disturbance in the person’s core value system, which provides strength, hope and meaning to life

Question 17

Define culture

Answer 17

• Shared patterns of learned values and behaviours that are transmitted over time and that distinguish the members of one group from another.
• Culture can include language, ethnicity, spiritual and religious beliefs, socioeconomic class, gender, sexual orientation, age, group history, geographic origin, and education, as well as childhood and life experiences

Question 18

Examples of Cultural groups:

Answer 18

homeless, aging families, LGBTQ+, students, people with mental illness, nurses

Question 19

Define ethnicity

Answer 19

refers to groups whose members share a social and culture heritage.

• Members feel a sense of common identity. Members of ethnic groups may share common values, language, history, physical characteristics, and geographical space.
• The most important characteristic of an ethnic group is that its members feel a sense of common identity

e.g., Irish, Japanese, Filipino etc.

Question 20

Define race

Answer 20

common biological attributes shared by a group, such as a skin colour

Question 21

Aspects of culturally sensitive care:

Answer 21

• being culturally knowledgeable
• being client centred
• being self-reflective
• recognizing conflict of client/nurse values
• facilitating client choice
• incorporation client’s cultural preferences
• accommodating client’s beliefs and practices

Question 22

the 4 pillars of change:

Answer 22

• Harm reduction
• Law enforcement
• Treatment
• Prevention

Question 23

Cultural humility, safety, and sensitivity:

Answer 23

knowledge, skills, attitudes & personal attributes required by nurses to provide appropriate care and services in relation to cultural characteristics of their clients

Question 24

Cultural Safety:

Answer 24

involves considering the redistribution of power and resources in a relationship. The notion “is based on the premise that the term culture” is used in its broadcast sense to apply to any person or group of people who may differ from the nurse/midwife because of socio-economic status, age, gender, sexual orientation, ethnic origin, migrant/refugee status, religious belief, or disability

Question 25

BCCNM Code of Ethics: B4: C5:

Answer 25

B4: recognizes and respects diversity and that a person’s culture may influence health practices and decision making C5: recognizes the role of culture and spirituality in health promotion, illness prevention, and in recovery

Question 26

BCCNM indigenous cultural safety, cultural humility, and anti-racism Practice Standard 6 core concepts

Answer 26

1. Self-reflective practice (it starts with me) 2. Building knowledge through education 3. Anti-racist practice (taking action) 4. Creating safe health care experiences 5. Person-led care (relational care) 6. Strengths-based and trauma-informed practice (looking below the surface)

Question 27

Conveying Cultural Sensitivity :

Answer 27

- Address by last name (unless permission given) - Introduce yourself, explain your role - Use appropriate eye contact - Be genuine and honest (about lack of knowledge) - Respectful language (based on client’s preference and/or acceptable norms) - Do not make assumptions - Respect the client’s values, beliefs, and practices - Show respect for client’s supports/family

Question 28

Cultural awareness:

Answer 28

is a beginning step toward understanding that there is a difference. Many people undergo courses designed to desensitize them to formal ritual and practice rather than the emotional, social, economic, and political context in which people exist

Question 29

Cultural sensitivity:

Answer 29

alerts nurses to the legitimacy of difference and begins a process of self-exploration as powerful bearers of their own realities which can have an impact on others.

Question 30

Cultural Safety:

Answer 30

is an outcome of nursing education that enables safe service to be defined by those who receive the service

Question 31

Sociocultural Theory:

Answer 31

looks at interactions between people, their social structure, relationships, and the “culture” in which they live, work and play. Suggests human learning is largely a social process. Grew from the work of psychologist Lev Vysotsky, who argued the learning is based in interacting with other people. Once this has occurred, information is integrated on the individual level

Question 32

Sociocultural Assessment: PNUR Variable Assessment Guide

Answer 32

- Language & communication patterns: verbal/nonverbal - Cultural roles and expectations - Social History: Family, education, and work/finances - Relationships/significant others - Health beliefs, habits, and practices - Ethnicity and race

Question 33

Language & communication patterns:

Answer 33

- verbal/nonverbal - preferred spoken language

Question 34

Relationships/significant others:

Answer 34

- how does this person express feelings of caring for others - who are the important people to this person - how does this person describe their personal relationships

Question 35

health beliefs, habits and practices

Answer 35

- beliefs about health, illness, birth, death, time and health care providers

Question 36

Describe social identity

Answer 36

Socio-demographic characteristics such as age, gender, group members (minority) and role important to that person. Also viewed as self-concept and includes: - Social status (age, sex, family status, occupation) - Membership in groups (cultural, membership) - Social labels (ie. Mentally ill, unemployed) - Derived statuses (war veteran, recovering alcoholic) - Social types (perceptions, attitudes as self-defined) - Personality identity (nickname, preferred name, title)

Question 37

Additional assessment tools for the sociocultural variable

Answer 37

- Ecomap - Genogram

Question 38

what's included in the sociocultural variable

Answer 38

- relationships - social history - awareness of diversity: culture - ethnicity & race - environment & health - health beliefs, habits & practices - cultural roles & expectations - language & communication

Question 39

what's included in the spiritual variable

Answer 39

- purpose & meaning - interconnectedness - faith - religion - forgiveness - creativity - transcendence