Spirituality in clinical care

Question 1

What is the main focus of Richard Egan’s lecture on spirituality in clinical care?

Answer 1

The lecture focuses on the integration of spirituality in healthcare, including its definitions, ethical considerations, and assessment approaches.

It emphasizes the importance of spirituality in patient care and the need for healthcare professionals to understand their own spirituality.

Question 2

What are the general objectives for students by the end of the lecture?

Answer 2

Students will begin to:
* Identify the evidence for spirituality and healthcare
* Recognise the importance of their own spiritual well-being
* Understand the ethical considerations of spiritual care
* Identify spiritual assessment approaches
* Identify referral options for specialist spiritual care.

Question 3

How does spirituality vary among individuals?

Answer 3

Spirituality may include:
* One’s ultimate beliefs and values
* A sense of meaning and purpose in life
* A sense of connectedness
* Identity and awareness
* For some people, religion.

Question 4

Define spirituality according to Puchalski et al.

Answer 4

Spirituality is a dynamic and intrinsic aspect of humanity through which persons seek ultimate meaning, purpose, and transcendence, and experience relationship to self, family, others, community, society, nature, and the significant or sacred.

It is expressed through beliefs, values, traditions, and practices.

Question 5

What is one of the key findings from the 2021 review of definitions in healthcare?

Answer 5

The review identified 24 spiritual dimensions, most commonly related to connectedness and meaning of life.

Question 6

What does the ‘principle and model matters’ section discuss?

Answer 6

It discusses various frameworks for understanding spirituality, including Māori and Samoan contributions, and emphasizes holistic approaches in healthcare.

Question 7

What impact does spirituality have on cancer care according to Kelly et al. (2020)?

Answer 7

Religion and spirituality had a positive impact on cancer care, leading to more patient-centered care.

Question 8

What was the conclusion of the 2015 US study regarding chaplains in healthcare?

Answer 8

Chaplains’ integration into the healthcare team improves patients’ satisfaction with their hospital stay.

Question 9

Fill in the blank: Spirituality can influence _______ in serious illness.

Answer 9

medical decision-making

Question 10

True or False: Spiritual care is frequently addressed in the care of patients with serious illness.

Answer 10

False

Question 11

What does the term ‘zeitgeist’ refer to in the context of spirituality?

Answer 11

Zeitgeist refers to the spirit of the times, including cultural trends, beliefs, and demographics that shape the understanding of spirituality.

Question 12

What is the Māori perspective on health as mentioned in the lecture?

Answer 12

Taha wairua is considered the most essential requirement for health by Māori.

Question 13

What is the significance of the ‘He Ara Waiora’ framework?

Answer 13

It helps the Treasury understand a Māori perspective on wellbeing.

Question 14

What are some challenges identified in spirituality research?

Answer 14

Research limitations and challenges remain, including unaddressed spiritual needs within medical care.

Question 15

What is the relationship between spirituality and health behaviors according to the 2022 Canadian review?

Answer 15

Religion and spirituality influence health behaviors and increasingly impact healthcare services.

Question 16

List the five components of the conceptual framework to understand spirituality.

Answer 16

• Scope / definitions matters
• Principle / model matters
• Evidence informed
• Zeitgeist
• Numinous, experience, unexplained

Question 17

What type of care does the hospice framework integrate?

Answer 17

It integrates physical, social, emotional, and spiritual aspects of care.

Question 18

What is a key conclusion from the 2022 review by Dos Santos et al. regarding spiritual interventions?

Answer 18

Spiritual interventions are associated with improved psychological and spiritual patient outcomes.

Question 19

What is the mainstream cultural view of the self in New Zealand?

Answer 19

The self is viewed as individuated.

Question 20

How do Pacific peoples perceive the self?

Answer 20

As a total being who exists in relationship to other people.

Question 21

What aspects contribute to the Pacific concepts of Elders and Eldership?

Answer 21

• Meaning
• Wholeness
• Sacredness
• Place of belonging
• Family
• Genealogy
• Language
• Culture
• Spirituality
• Environment

Question 22

What role do Elders play in Pacific cultures regarding spirituality?

Answer 22

They guide younger family members in spirituality practices.

Question 23

What is the significance of spirituality for Elders?

Answer 23

It plays a significant role in maintaining their overall wellbeing.

Question 24

True or False: Spirituality is equivalent to elements like housing and transport.

Answer 24

False.

Question 25

Define 'numinous'.

Answer 25

Arousing spiritual or religious emotion; mysterious or awe-inspiring.

Question 26

What are the five guidelines for ethical spiritual care?

Answer 26

* Identify the person’s spiritual needs * Follow patient’s wishes for spiritual care * Do not prescribe spiritual practices * Understand your own spirituality * Proceed with integrity.

Question 27

What is the clinical definition of spiritual care?

Answer 27

The provision of assessment, counselling, support and ritual in matters of a person’s beliefs.

Question 28

What is the consumer definition of spiritual care?

Answer 28

It helps feel more connected with oneself, others, or something beyond.

Question 29

What percentage of people at end-of-life want spiritual care?

Answer 29

69%.

Question 30

What percentage of the general population in Australia believes spiritual care should be offered in public hospitals?

Answer 30

75%.

Question 31

What is a conversation opener that can be used in spiritual care?

Answer 31

Tell me about…

Question 32

What are some questions to explore a person's sources of strength?

Answer 32

* What has sustained you through hard times? * What is most important to you right now? * What gives you meaning and purpose in life?

Question 33

What has changed in the role of health care chaplaincy?

Answer 33

From sole providers of traditional religious ritual to resources for meaning in illness or dying.

Question 34

What is a limitation in the field of spiritual care?

Answer 34

There is not a single conception that can be sharply drawn.

Question 35

What is the take-home message regarding spiritual care in health?

Answer 35

* Understand the framework of spiritual care * Build on strengths * Important for patient well-being * Basic assessment approaches are necessary * Further research and policy needed.

Question 36

Fill in the blank: Spirituality is the ______ constituent force in the whole life process.

Answer 36

key

Question 37

According to Sir Paul Callaghan, what should one do each day?

Answer 37

Fill it with purpose and spirit.

Question 38

What is the significance of understanding one's own spirituality in spiritual care?

Answer 38

It helps to not impose one's own beliefs on the patient.