Spleen

Question 1

What type of organ is the spleen and where is it located?

Answer 1

Lymphoid, intraperitoneal organ located in the left hypochondrium

Question 2

What is the size of the spleen in length, AP, & TRV?

Answer 2

Length: 13cm, AP: 7 cm, TRV: 4cm

Question 3

What is the shape of the spleen comparable to?

Answer 3

Half moon

Question 4

Lateral to tail of pancreas, splenic flexure of colon, left kidney, left adrenal gland, & Posterior to stomach, anterior to left hemidiaphragm is the location of ?

Answer 4

Spleen

Question 5

What is the normal size of the spleen in SAG?

Answer 5

8-13 cm

Question 6

What are the two major splenic ligaments?

Answer 6

Gastrosplenic & splenorenal (lienorenal)

Question 7

Which ligament attaches the spleen to the greater curvature of the stomach?

Answer 7

Gastrosplenic

Question 8

Which ligament attaches the spleen to the left kidney?

Answer 8

Splenorenal

Question 9

What are the other ligaments that help support the spleen? (5)

Answer 9

Phrenicosplenic, splenocolic, pancreaticosplenic, phrenicocolic, and pancreaticocolic ligaments

Question 10

How is the spleen supplied with blood?

Answer 10

Splenic artery

Question 11

How is the blood drained from the spleen?

Answer 11

Splenic vein

Question 12

What are the two types of tissue in the spleen?

Answer 12

Red and white pulp tissue

Question 13

culling, pitting function, erythropoiesis, platelet blood cell reservoir, and defense against diseases are the functions of?

Answer 13

The spleen

Question 14

What are the lab values of the spleen? (5)

Answer 14

Hematocrit, hemoglobin, RBC count, WBC count, and CBC count

Question 15

What does the red pulp consist of?

Answer 15

Branching venous sinuses

Question 16

What does the red pulp contain? (3)

Answer 16

Lymphocytes, macrophages, & RBC

Question 17

which pulp macrophages engulf and destroy foreign particles, such as bacteria, that may be carried in the blood as it flows through the sinuses?

Answer 17

Red pulp

Question 18

What is white pulp?

Answer 18

Round masses that are scattered through red pulp

Question 19

What does white pulp surround?

Answer 19

Arteriole

Question 20

which pulp is Composed of malpighian corpuscles, contains Lymphatic follicles—responsible for production of antibodies?

Answer 20

White pulp

Question 21

What are the main functions of the spleen? (5)

Answer 21

Filters blood,
plays a part in immune system,
blood reservoir,
forms red blood cells,
& produces plasma cells

Question 22

Which two lab values are most important regarding the spleen?

Answer 22

Hematocrit and bacteremia

Question 23

Which lab value indicates the percentage of RBCs per volume of blood?

Answer 23

Hematocrit

Question 24

Which lab value indicates an abnormal decrease in platelets?

Answer 24

Thrombocytopenia

Question 25

Which lab value indicates an abnormal increase in RBC mass?

Answer 25

Polycythemia

Question 26

Which lab value indicates the presence of bacteria within the body?

Answer 26

Bacteremia

Question 27

Which lab value indicates an increase in WBCs typically found in infection?

Answer 27

Leukocytosis

Question 28

Which lab value indicates an abnormal decrease in white blood corpuscles?

Answer 28

Leukopenia

Question 29

What are the five congenital/anomaly variants of the spleen?

Answer 29

Asplenia, polysplenia, accessory spleen (splenunculi), splenic clefts, and ectopic spleen

Question 30

Which congenital variant is the absence of the spleen from birth?

Answer 30

Asplenia

Question 31

Which congenital variant is more common and may be found in up to 30% of patients?

Answer 31

Accessory spleen

Question 32

Which congenital variant consists of multiple smaller spleens?

Answer 32

Polysplenia

Question 33

multiple spleens, intestine malrotations, IVC anomalies, biliary atresia, visceral heterotaxia, short pancreas, and cardiac defects are the anomalies for what variant?

Answer 33

Polysplenia

Question 34

which congenital variant migrates from the normal LUQ position to other abdomen or pelvic location?

Answer 34

Ectopic/ wandering

Question 35

uniform homogeneous echo texture, medium level echoes, isoechoic or slightly hyperechoic to liver, highly echogenic left hemidiaphragm, smooth contour, and splenic vessel in hilum is the normal US appearance of?

Answer 35

Spleen

Question 36

What are the pitfalls of splenic imaging? (3)

Answer 36

-LLL can mimic splenic abscess or subcapsular hematoma, -spleen can be mistaken for renal mass, -adrenal & pancreatic tumor mimic splenic mass

Question 37

In splenomegaly, the spleen measures greater than?

Answer 37

13cm

Question 38

What are the causes of splenomegaly? (5)

Answer 38

Storage diseases, autoimmune diseases, trauma, dialysis, and sarcoidosis

Question 39

What are the general infections of the spleen? (6)

Answer 39

Mononucleosis, Tuberculosis, Histoplasmosis, Schistosomiasis, Sarcoidosis, & Candidiasis

Question 40

what demonstrates multiple hypoechoic lesion with central echogenic ring (wheel-in-wheel sign & target pattern)? ❗️

Answer 40

Splenic candidiasis

Question 41

What are the four major non-traumatic causes of focal splenic defects?

Answer 41

Infarction, abscess, cyst, and tumor

Question 42

What is splenic infarct?

Answer 42

The occlusion of splenic artery segment

Question 43

Where does the emboli originate in splenic infarct?

Answer 43

Heart

Question 44

hypoechoic, wedge shaped oriented toward periphery lesion is the US appearance of?

Answer 44

Acute infarct

Question 45

the lesion will become more echogenic with age of infarct is the US appearance of?

Answer 45

Chronic infarct

Question 46

What is the US appearance of early infarct?

Answer 46

Hypoechoic or isoechoic to spleen

Question 47

What is the US appearance of late infarct?

Answer 47

Hyperechoic or hypoechoic

Question 48

High-grade fever, leukocytosis, LUQ pain & tenderness, vomiting, referred pain to the chest or shoulder are the symptoms of? ❗️

Answer 48

Splenic abscess

Question 49

Irregular shaggy borders, Solid, Cystic, Complex, Dirty shadowing, DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSES - hematoma, degenerating neoplasm are the US appearance for? ❗️

Answer 49

Splenic abscess

Question 50

What are the two types of splenic cysts?

Answer 50

True and secondary

Question 51

Which cyst is due to epidermoid, dermoid, and polycystic disease?

Answer 51

True

Question 52

Which cyst is due to pseudocysts, hemorrhagic, and abscess?

Answer 52

Secondary

Question 53

which cyst has a solitary/ unilocular US appearance?

Answer 53

True

Question 54

which cyst has a variable appearance related to cause?

Answer 54

Secondary

Question 55

What symptoms might a patient present with in a case of splenic trauma?

Answer 55

Hypovolemic shock and LUQ pain

Question 56

automobile accident, sports injury, gunshot and stab wounds, and physical abuse are the causes of?

Answer 56

Splenic trauma

Question 57

in splenic trauma bleeding can occur in what 2 places?

Answer 57

Within spleen and through capsule

Question 58

subcapsular or intraparenchymal hematoma that is hypoechoic, isoechoic, hyperechoic, or complex, as related to age is the US appearance of? ❗️

Answer 58

Intracapsular splenic trauma

Question 59

blood in intraperitoneal cavity, retroperitoneal cavity, paracolic gutters, Morrison’s Pouch, posterior cul de sac is the US appearance of? ❗️

Answer 59

Rupture of capsule splenic trauma

Question 60

What is the most dangerous development of splenic trauma?

Answer 60

Hypovolemic shock

Question 61

Healed granulomas, Splenic artery calcification, Splenic aneurysm calcifications, Splenic infarcts, Old hematomas, & cysts with calcified walls are the causes of? ❗️

Answer 61

Splenic calficiation

Question 62

What is the most common benign vascular neoplasm of the spleen and affect 20-50 year old men?

Answer 62

Hemangiomas

Question 63

What is a rare, lymphoid tissue, solitary or multiple?

Answer 63

Hamartoma

Question 64

What is a lymphatic malformation with a US appearance similar to hemangioma?

Answer 64

Cavernous lymphangioma

Question 65

When do complications arise in the case of a cavernous lymphangioma?

Answer 65

When the tumor increases in size

Question 66

infarction with coagulated blood or fibrin in the cavities may be seen but is unspecific is called a? ❗️

Answer 66

cavernous hemangioma

Question 67

What are the two malignant splenic neoplasms?

Answer 67

Angiosarcoma and lymphoma

Question 68

What is a rare, large malignant tumor of the spleen with a similar appearance to a hemangioma?

Answer 68

Angiosarcoma

Question 69

associated with Hodgkin’s and non Hodgkin’s lymphoma, US appearance includes hypoechoic or hyperechoic lesions within spleen, splenomegaly may or may not be present would be what?

Answer 69

Lymphoma

Question 70

splenic leukemia is a primary malignancy of the (3)?

Answer 70

Bone marrow, lymph nodes, spleen

Question 71

What would you diagnose if the patient presents with fever, fatigue, weight loss, anemia, and increased WBC?

Answer 71

Splenic leukemia

Question 72

The most common malignant disease to affect spleen including, Hodgkin, and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma is called?

Answer 72

Splenic lymphoma

Question 73

hypoechoic, hyperechoic, bull’s eye, target sign with hypoechoic halo is the US appearance of?

Answer 73

Metastases (splenic neoplasm)

Question 74

What are the three retroperitoneal compartments?

Answer 74

Anterior pararenal, perirenal or perinephric, and posterior pararenal

Question 75

Which retroperitoneal compartment is located anterior to Gerota's fascia?

Answer 75

Anterior pararenal

Question 76

Which compartment contains pancreas, distal cbd, second third and fourth duodenum, and portion of ascending and descending colon?

Answer 76

Anterior pararenal

Question 77

Which retroperitoneal compartment is enclosed by Gerota's fascia?

Answer 77

Perirenal or perinephric

Question 78

which compartment contains kidney, perinephric fat, adrenal glands, and aorta ivc?

Answer 78

Perirenal or perinephric

Question 79

Which retroperitoneal compartment lies posterior to Gerota's fascia?

Answer 79

Posterior pararenal space

Question 80

Which retroperitoneal compartment contains no organs and only fat?

Answer 80

Posterior pararenal space

Question 81

Kidneys,Adrenalglands,Ureters,Duodenum,Ascending Colon, Descending Colon,Pancreas,Great Vessels,Nerves are the structures of? ❗️

Answer 81

Retroperitoneum

Question 82

A Chronic inflammatory process that results in fibrous tissue proliferation affecting and encasing aorta, IVC, ureters causing hydronephrosis and affects middle aged men is called? ❗️

Answer 82

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

Question 83

A hypoechoic smoothly marginated clump or layer in para-aortic region is the US appearance of? ❗️

Answer 83

Retroperitoneal fibrosis

Question 84

What are common fluid collections in the retroperitoneum? (4)

Answer 84

Abscesses, hematomas, urinomas, lymphoceles

Question 85

which fluid collection is pus collection?

Answer 85

Abscesses

Question 86

which fluid collection is blood collection?

Answer 86

Hematoma

Question 87

which fluid collection is urine collection?

Answer 87

Urinomas

Question 88

which fluid collection is a lymph fluid collection?

Answer 88

Lymphoceles

Question 89

What are the fluid collections in the retroperitoneum? (5)

Answer 89

Lymphocele, urinoma, lymphangioma, primary retroperitoneal cysts, and retroperitoneal hemorrhage

Question 90

what are liposarcoma, leiomjjyosarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, myxosarcoma, and fibrosarcoma to the retroperitoneum?

Answer 90

Malignant masses

Question 91

what are lipoma, leiomyoma, rhabdomyoma, myxoma, and fibroma to the retroperitoneum?

Answer 91

Benign tumors

Question 92

Enlarged lymph nodes, Present as multiple hypoechoic masses on ultrasound, May displace surrounding structures (called the Mantle Effect is the US appearance of?  

Answer 92

Lymphadenopathy