Spleen, Pancrease, GI tract Flashcards
(120 cards)
1
Q
The most common benign tumor of the spleen
A
Hemangioma
2
Q
The body of the pancreas lies anterior to the
A
Aorta
3
Q
The main pancreatic duct is the
A
Duct of Wirsung
4
Q
Stimulates gallbladder contraction and relaxation of the spincter of oddi
A
Cholecystokinin(CCK)
5
Q
Clusters of tissues throughout the pancreas composed of alpha, beta, and delta cells
A
Islets of Langerhans
6
Q
Produce digestive enzymes in the pancreas
A
Acinar cells
7
Q
The arterial blood supply to the head of the pancreas is via the
A
GDA
8
Q
The body & tail of the pancreas recieve blood from the splenic and
A
Superior mesenteric arteries
9
Q
The most common cause of acute pancreatitis is?
A
Gallstones and then alcoholism
10
Q
What lab value is more specific for diagnosing pancreatitis?
A
Lipase
11
Q
Acute pancreatitis appears sonographically as what?
A
enlarged, hypoechoic
12
Q
Chronic pancreatitis appears?
A
atrophied, heterogeneous
13
Q
The procedure performed on patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma is?
A
Whipple procedure
14
Q
Removal of the head of the pancreas, GB, bile ducts, and proximal duodenum is called?
A
Pancreaticoduodenectomy/ Whipple procedure
15
Q
A potentially malignant tumor typically found in the pancreatic body and tail is
A
Mucinous Cystadenocarcinoma
16
Q
The most common islet cell tumor is?
A
Insulinoma
17
Q
The right and left hepatic ducts unite to form the
A
Common hepatic duct
18
Q
Which two ducts unite to form the CBD?
A
Common hepatic and Cystic ducts
19
Q
Lymph nodes emerge from the splenic hilum and course along the
A
Splenic artery
20
Q
Normal sonographic appearance of the spleen?
A
homogeneous
21
Q
The left kidney lies ______ & _______ to the spleen?
A
Inferior, medial
22
Q
Best position to scan the spleen…
A
Right decubitus
23
Q
Major function of the spleen is
A
Filter peripheral blood
24
Q
The head of the pancreas is inferior to the ______ lobe of the liver
A
caudate
25
What passes through the posterior aspect of the pancreatic head?
CBD
26
Patient has jaundice, weight loss, decrease in appetite
Adenocarcinoma of pancreas
27
Normal pancreatic head measurement is less than
2-3 cm
28
A serum ______ level of twice normal usually indicates acute pancreatitis
amylase
29
Dorsal and ventral pancreas with the head encircling the duodenum is
Annular pancreas
30
Gallstones are seen in 40-60% of patients with
acute pancreatitis
31
Enlarged, palpable gallbladder caused by a pancreatic head mass is termed:
Courvoisier Gallbladder
32
How is the appendix located?
McBurney's point
33
The most common tumor of the stomach
Leiomyoma
34
What is an outgrowth of tissue from the gastric wall?
Gastric polyp
35
Where are duplication cysts found on the stomach?
Greater curvature
36
Does the duodenum make up the large intestine?
no
37
Is acute appendicitis compressible on ultrasound?
no
38
Parts of the stomach
Pylorus, body, fundus
39
Is the cecum part of the small intestine?
no
40
This allows the stomach to stretch
Rugae
41
Released from the small bowel to stimulate secretion of bicarbonate to decrease acid content in intestine
secretin
42
Most common lab data with GI issues
blood in stool
43
Air in the peritoneal cavity
pneumoperitoneum
44
innermost layer of bowel
mucosa
45
T/F The Jejunum is normally seen with ultrasound
false
46
Gastric bezoar made of sand or asphalt
concretions
47
Most gastric cancers are found in the
pylorus
48
T/F Mets to the stomach is rare
true
49
Dilation of bowel loops is ______ to the obstruction
proximal
50
The twisting of intestines
volvulus
51
Results from bowel that lacks normal peristalsis
nonmechanical obstruction
52
The most common cause of acute abdomen pain
acute appendicitis
53
Performs the phagocytic function of the spleen
red pulp
54
Accessory spleen is also referred to
splenunculus
55
Small, echogenic foci seen throughout the spleen on a pt with histoplasmosis is most likely
Granulomas
56
What is associated with Beckwith-Weidermann syndrome?
Splenic harmatoma
57
The most common malignancy of the spleen
lymphoma
58
Patients with this disorder have crescent-shaped RBC and are at risk for blindness
sickle-cell anemia
59
Congenital disease in which RBC appear small and spheriod
Spherocytosis
60
Storage disease, 50% of pts are younger than 8, bone pain, skin pigmentation changes
Gauchers
61
Most common cause of splenomegaly
portal hypertension
62
Peritoneal ligament that attaches the spleen to the stomach and the kidney
Splenorenal
63
Normal measurements of spleen
12cm long, 7cm wide, 3-4cm thick
64
Splenic vein travels along the _____ border of the pancreas
Posteromedial
65
A mass in the LUQ may displace the spleen ______
Inferiority
66
Accessory spleen(splenunculus) is normally found near the ______ or inferior border of the spleen
Hilum
67
Normal spleen contains about _____ to ______ ml of erythrocytes
20-30 ml
68
Process of removing the nuclei from the RBC
Pitting
69
Process by which the spleen removes abnormal RBC
Culling
70
Indicates the percentage of RBC per volume of blood.
Hemacrit
71
Abnormally low values of hemacrit indicate ______
Hemorrhage or internal bleeding
72
Abnormal decrease in platelets, may be result of internal hemorrhage
Thrombocytopenia
73
The spleen is ____ compared to the liver
More echogenic
74
As the spleen enlarged, the echogenicity ______
Increases
75
Splenomegaly is diagnosed when the spleen measures more than ____
12cm
76
Wandering spleen is most common in _____ ?
Women with multiple pregnancies
77
Tuberculosis and histoplasmosis are common causes of _____
Granulomas
78
Systemic venous congestion is found in cardiac decompensation involving the _____ side of the heart
Right side of the heart
79
Disease when amyloid proteins build up in the organs. May be nodular or diffuse
Anyloidosis
80
Rapidly fatal disease that predominantly affects female infants
Neimann-Pick disease
81
In its early stages, the spleen is enlarged. Then the spleen undergoes infarction and fibrosis and decreases in size until only a small mass of fibrous tissue is left(autosplenectomy)
Sickle cell anemia
82
Fever, LUQ tenderness, left shoulder and flank pain, splenomegaly. Infection is spread from abdomen or from adjacent organs
Splenic abscess
83
May result from endocarditis
Splenic abscess
84
Most prominent feature of splenic infection is
Splenomegaly
85
May show irregular masses within the spleen, “wheels-within-wheels” pattern
Hepatosplenic candidiasis
86
Most common cause of focal splenic lesions is _____ of the major splenic artery or its branches
Occlusion
87
Echogenic, peripheral, hypoechoic wedge-shaped lesions
Splenic infarction
88
The spleen is most commonly injured as a result of
Blunt abdominal trauma
89
F.A.S.T. scan
Focused Assessment with Sonography in Trauma
- area around kidneys(Morisons pouch
- subdiaphragmatic areas
- liver and splenic capsule
- bladder and anterior rectal area to determine if free fluid is present
90
Only parasite that forms splenic cysts
Echinococcus
91
Increase in RBC mass and hemoglobin concentration. Weakness, fatigue, vertigo
Polycythemia Vera
92
The head of the pancreas lies anterior to the ____
IVC
93
Head of the pancreas lies _____ to the duodenum
Medial
94
Splenic artery is the _____ border of the pancreas
Superior
95
SMA is to the ____ of the SMV (in the body)
Left
96
What duct drains the head of the pancreas?
Duct of Santorini
97
Failure of dorsal and ventral pancreatic ductal systems to fuse, results in smaller santorini duct
Pancreatic divisum
98
Ventral surrounds duodenum
Annular pancreas
99
What pancreatic enzyme digests *fats*
Lipase
100
What pancreatic enzyme digests *carbohydrates*
Amylase
101
What pancreatic enzyme digests nucleic acids?
Nucleases
102
What pancreatic enzyme digests proteins?
Trypsin, chymotrypsinogen, carboxypeptidase
103
What is the action of insulin?
Glucose to glycogen
104
Action of glucagon?
Glycogen to glucose
105
Action of somatostatin?
Alpha and beta inhibitor
106
Insulin’s cell type
Beta
107
Glucagon cell type
Alpha
108
Somatostatin cell type
Delta
109
Most common location of a pseudocyst is in the _____
Lesser sac, anterior to the pancreas and posterior to the stomach
110
Most common cause of pseudocysts in children
Trauma
111
Mortality rate of ruptured pseudocyst
50%
112
If pancreatic enzymes are low, this indicates
Chronic pancreatitis
113
Most common cause of hyperechoic pancreas in children
Cystic fibrosis
114
Most common malignancy in pancreas
Adenocarcinoma
115
Most common location of adenocarcinoma
Pancreas head
116
Palpable, nontender gallbladder accompanied with jaundice(courvoisiers sign), “double duct” sign, is associated with what pancreatic pathology
Adenocarcinoma
117
“Cluster of grapes”, usually occurs in the body/tail.
Macrocystic adenoma(mucinous cystadenoma/cystadenocarcinoma)
118
2nd most common functioning islet cell tumor. Produces Zollinger-Ellison syndrome
Gastrinoma
119
Hair balls in young women
Tricho bezoars
120
Vegetable matter
Phyto bezoars
