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MOCKS > SPMM > Flashcards

SPMM Flashcards

1
Q

After individuals with bulimia stop purging what may they get?

A

Parotitis - often painless

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2
Q

When can a child copy a circle, square and triangle?

A

Circle - aged 3

Square - aged 4

Triangle - aged 5-6

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3
Q

When can a child build blocks of 2, 3, 6-7, 9-10

A

2 - 15 months

3 - 18 months

6-7 - 2 years

9-10 - 3 years

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4
Q

How should one switch from a TCA to SSRI?

A

Half dose of TCA start the SSRI and slowly withdraw the TCA

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5
Q

How should you switch from Trazodone to another anti-D (not MAOI)?

A

Cross-taper cautiously

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6
Q

In CJD what are the initial symptoms?

A

Often cerebellar or visual:
- Ataxia, clumsiness, dysarthria
- Diplopia, distorted vision, blurred vision, field defects, changes in colour perception, visual agnosia

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7
Q

Name some changes to the cerebellum?

A

Hypoplasia of the cerebellar vermis
Reduced Purkinje cell count of the cerebellum

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8
Q

Lesion in which artery of the brain is most likely to produce akinetic mutism?

A

Anterior cerebral artery

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9
Q

Does Lewy Body Dementia showed reduced acetylcholine counts?

A

Yes - that’s why acetylcholine-esterases are used in these conditions

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10
Q

What is the cerebral torque?

A

Opposing right-left asymmetry of frontal and parietal-occipital regions - may be disturbed in psychosis

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11
Q

What anti-depressants perinatally have been linked to cleft palate in neonates?

A

SSRIs

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12
Q

MAOI > other anti-depressants for which condition?

A

Social phobia

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13
Q

What measures may improve lithium induced tremor?

A

Taking smaller, more frequent doses
Propanolol

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14
Q

How long does persistent delusional disorder need to last?

A

1 month

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15
Q

In grief attentional bias to objects belonging to the dead person is known as?

A

Incentive salience

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16
Q

What is interoception?

A

Awareness of one’s physiological state

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17
Q

What is the most long lasting cognitive effect after ECT?

A

Retrograde amnesia for autobiographical memory

Confusion and disorientation usually resolves within 24-48 hrs
Anterograde amnesia resolves in

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18
Q

What is the most long lasting cognitive effect after ECT?

A

Retrograde amnesia for autobiographical memory

Confusion and disorientation usually resolves within 24-48 hrs
Anterograde amnesia resolves in

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19
Q

What is the most long lasting cognitive effect after ECT?

A

Retrograde amnesia for autobiographical memory

Confusion and disorientation usually resolves within 24-48 hrs
Anterograde amnesia resolves within the first few weeks

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20
Q

Does high EE affect men or women more with regards to risk of relapse post psychotic episode?

A

Men

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21
Q

What is the primary ego defence?

A

Repression

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22
Q

Is the risk of Clozapine induced agranular cytosis dose dependent?

A

No

Afro-Caribbean, young and low baseline count are risk factors
First 6 months of treatment risk is highest

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23
Q

Name antipsychotics high risk of weight gain?

A

Clozapine
Olanzapine

Moderate:
- Risperidone
- Quetiapine
- Palliperidone
- Chlorpromazine

Others are generally low risk inc. Zuclopenthixol, Haloperidol. Sulpride, Amilsulpride, Aripiprazole etc

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24
Q

Which anti-dementia drug undergoes minimal hepatic involvement for breakdown and is metabolised by choline-esterase itself?

A

Rivastigmine

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25
Q

Are there interactions between OCP and Sodium Valproate?

A

No

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26
Q

Which cells promote clearance from the synapse?

A

Stellate cells

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27
Q

Which cells link the cortex to the spinal cortd for motor transmission?

A

Betz cells

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28
Q

Name a common defence mechanism seen in Naricssism?

A

Projection

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29
Q

How may extraversion, neuroticism and psychoticism change in age?

A

All decrease in both males and females

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30
Q

How long does puberty tend to last for boys?

A

2-3 years

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31
Q

What is the most common feature in Parkinson’s?

A

Unilateral resting tremor

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32
Q

Describe features of late onset Schizophrenia?

A

Predominantly female
Less negative symptoms
Less thoughts disorder
Prominent hallucinations visual

Social isolation
Sensory impairment
Premorbid paranoid personality traits

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33
Q

In psychopathology the tendency to feel inappropriately euphoric is known as?

A

Moria

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34
Q

What does the Stanford Binet test assess for?

A

Intelligence

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35
Q

In extroverts how does the ascending reticular activating system act?

A

Under-active –> therefore seek out social contact

Introverts –> may be over active and want alone time

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36
Q

Name some mechanisms that account for sexual dysfunction with antipsychotics?

A

Alpha - 1 - antagonism - erectile dysfunction (also known to attribute to priapism for chlorpromazine, thioridazine and trazadone)

D2 blockade - hyperprolactinaemia or reduced drive
H1 blockade - sedation

Anticholinergic blockade - Reduced peripheral vasodilation

37
Q

Which anti-depressants are most/least associated with sexual dysfunction?

A

Mirtazapine
Moclobemide
Vortioxetine
Reboxetine
Buproprion
Agomelatine

Those with a lot:
- SSRI
- SNRI (Venlafaxine > Duloxetine)
- Tricyclics

38
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of Fragile X

A

X-linked dominant

39
Q

How does Flumazenil work?

A

Competitive inhibition at GABA-A receptor

40
Q

Which TCA is the

a) Most serotenergic
b) Most noradrenergic
c) Most histaminergic
c) Least anticholinergic

A

a) Clomipramine - best for OCD
b) Desipramine - most noradrenergic (secondary amine)
c) Doxepin
d) Secondary amines - Nortriptyline, Desipramine, Amozapine

41
Q

What are the ECG in myocarditis?

A

Saddle shaped ST elevation - if pericardial involvement

Tachycardia

Prolongation of PR interval

Diffuse TWI

42
Q

What can acetylcholine-esterase inhibitors do to ECG?

A

Bradycardia and PR prolongation

43
Q

Lhermitte’s sign is seen in which condition?

A

Multiple sclerosis
- it is the presence of brief shock like sensations starting in the neck and radiating down the body towards the limbs

44
Q

How is subclinical hypothyroidism managed in a patient taking Lithium?

A

Initially monitored

45
Q

Are perceptual abnormalities seen in parkinson’s?

A

Yes - 40%

Commonly perception of a person next to them - 25%
Sometimes formed visual hallucinations - 22%
Can be auditory hallucinations - 9.7%

46
Q

Shenjing Shuairuo is a culture bound illness from which country?

A

China - it means weak nerves

Symptoms similar to chronic fatigue/fibromyalgia
- Multiple somatic complaints
- Dizziness, headaches, chronic pain, fatigue

47
Q

The social acceptance of individuals with learning disabilities without devaluation is known as?

A

Social role valorisation

48
Q

Name a new mental disorder in ICD-11

A

Prolonged grief disorder

49
Q

In ICD-11 can all disorders be diagnosed at any age?

A

Yes

50
Q

What anti-D is associated with a lower risk of manic switch?

A

SSRI

51
Q

Clonidine is a….

A

Alpha-2-adrenergic agonist

  • it’s effects are typically act on presynaptic alpha 2 adrenergic receptors this reduces the release of noradrenaline
  • on cessation there may be rebound hypertension
  • Clonidine is used for tics and tourettes and also ADHD

Side effects;
- dizziness
- sedation
- orthostatic hypotension
- dry mouth
- depression

52
Q

Which oral benzodiazepine has the shortest onset of action?

A

Diazepam

53
Q

How does reserpine work?

A

It prevents the storage and synthesis of NA from axon terminals

54
Q

What is a haptic hallucination?

A

Other name for tactile hallucination

55
Q

What is the most common obsession in OCD?

A

Fear of contamination

56
Q

In Minuchin’s study of families of patients with anorexia nervosa what behaviours did he find?

A

Overprotectiveness
Rigidity
Poor resolution conflict resolution skills
Emneshment

57
Q

How does vision develop in the neonate?

A

Birth - track objects, bright light perception, can fixate on objects at 20cm, figure-ground perception

1 month - discriminate faces

2 months - prefers 3D > 2D and depth perception

4 months - colour vision and accommodation

6 months - adult acuity

58
Q

Name a neurochemical theory for tardive dyskinesia?

A

High D-2 sensitivity (supersensitivty)

59
Q

What muscarinic receptor blockade is most likely to lead to anti-cholinergic effects in TCAs?

A

M3

60
Q

Name some neurological conditions associated with autism?

A

Tuberous sclerosis
Neurofibromatosis

61
Q

What are the hold tests in the WAIS?

A

Information
Object assembly
Picture completion
Vocabulary

  • these are meant to be resistant to brain damage

Non-hold tests are block design, digit span, digit symbol, similarities

62
Q

What is the risk of alcoholism in close relatives?

A

3-4 x more likely

63
Q

What is the increased risk of inheriting panic disorder in close relatives compared to the general population?

A

6 - 17%
4 - 8 x more likely

64
Q

The isoforms of MAO A/B are encoded on which chromosome?

A

X chromosome

65
Q

What scan would differentiate Parkinson’s from drug induced Parkinson’s

A

Beta-CIT-SPECT or FP-CIT (DATscan)

66
Q

Techtineum-HMPAO-SPECT (99mTc) assess for?

A

Indirectly assess blood flow

67
Q

What stage of sleep are saw tooth waves seen?

A

REM sleep

Also low voltage mixed frequency alpha and theta waves seen

68
Q

Are dystonias dose dependent?

A

Yes

69
Q

How does Mianserin work?

A

Alpha-2 antagonism and weak alpha-1 antagonism - prevents the uptake of Na mainly, some Serotonin

Can be delivered OD due to half life 10-29 hours
Sedative and weak antimuscarinic effects

70
Q

What are phase 1 and phase 2 reactions?

A

Phase 1 - oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis
Phase 2 - conjugation, methylation, n-acetylation, glucuronidation

71
Q

What can SSRI’s cause?

A

Nocturnal myoclonus

72
Q

The MOHOST is a scale that assesses?

A

ADL functioning

73
Q

Capgras syndrome is what type of delusion?

A

Reduplicative paramnesia - the sense that a place, person has been duplicated and the person is simultaneously experiencing it

74
Q

What personality traits was Jung associated with?

A

Introversion/Extroversion

75
Q

Restless leg syndrome may be treated with what type of drug?

A

Dopamine agonist

carbi/levo-dopa
Prameprixole

75
Q

Restless leg syndrome may be treated with what type of drug?

A

Dopamine agonist:
- carbi/levo-dopa
- pramiprexole
- rapinirole

Clonazepam 2nd line

76
Q

Fronto-striatal executive dysfunction is a neuropsychological theory for which condition?

A

ADHD

77
Q

What type of chromosome is formed by Robertsonian translocation?

A

Metacentric - p arms get discarded

78
Q

The health of nations outcomes scale assess for?

A

Assess recovery and clinical outcomes

79
Q

Name a non-clinical administered scale fully structured interview used in epidemiological studies to identify a lifetime diagnosis?

A

Diagnostic interview schedule

80
Q

Pimozide and Carbamezepine are broken down by BLANK enzymes

A

CYP3A4 - grapefruit juice, paroxetine, fluvoxamine and fluoxetine are inhibitors

81
Q

Name some antipsychotics with prominent orthostatic hypotension?

A

Clozapine & Risperidone - due to alpha-1-adrenergic blockade

82
Q

Which anti-epileptic is associated with motor disturbances?

A

Vigabatrin

83
Q

Name some indications for Tetrabenazine?

A
  • Huntington’s
  • Tardive Dyskinesia
  • Tourette’s
84
Q

What is a hygric hallucination?

A

A feeling of fluid

85
Q

Name some defence mechanisms used in OCD?

A

Undoing, reaction formation and isolation

86
Q

When is the steady state of clozapine/sodium valproate reached?

A

2-3 days

87
Q

What has been previously referred to as bodily distress disorder?

A

Neurasthenia

MOCKS (2 decks)

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