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spoken language key terms Flashcards

(81 cards)

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1
Q

Standard/Non-Standard English

A

‘I don’t have it’ vs ‘I aint got it’

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2
Q

Register

A

A variety of language appropriate for a particular situation (e.g a formal register, an academic register)

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3
Q

Idiolect

A

Your own unique way of speaking

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4
Q

Lexis

A

The vocabulary used

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5
Q

Phonology

A

The sound of words (pronunciation/accent)

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6
Q

Semantic field

A

Words associated with a specific topic

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7
Q

Accent

A

Refers solely to the pronunciation of words

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8
Q

Regional Accent

A

An accent spoken in a particular geographical area

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9
Q

Received Pronunciation

A

The accent associated with upper-class speakers, sometimes known as ‘BBC English’

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10
Q

Dialect

A

Refers to vocabulary and grammar variations

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11
Q

Regional Dialect

A

Associated with particular geographical areas

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12
Q

Standard English

A

Dialect associated with educated users of language

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13
Q

Referential

A

Utterances that provide information

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14
Q

Expressive

A

Utterances that express the speakers feelings

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15
Q

Transactional

A

Verbal exchange in which the emphasis is on getting something done

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16
Q

Interactional

A

The main emphasis is on the social relationship between participants

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17
Q

Phatic

A

Technical term for small talk

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18
Q

Terms of Address

A

Ways of addressing people

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19
Q

Taboo

A

Language which is avoided as its considered unpleasant or offensive

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20
Q

Field Specific Lexis

A

Lexis associated with a specific field/topic

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21
Q

Slang

A

Informal acts of speech which are short lived and linked to a generation

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22
Q

Diachronic

A

Language changes over time

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23
Q

Ephemeral

A

Language changes due to fashion

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24
Q

Phatic Expression

A

Small talk

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25
Deictic Expression
Contextual expressions relating to time
26
Interrupted Construction or False Start
Abandoned phrases
27
Disjointed Construction
Utterances which lack flow or conjunctions
28
Incomplete Construction
Phrases missing grammatical elements
29
Filler
Words with little meaning inserted into everyday speech
30
Unvoiced Pause
Silent pause
31
Filled Pause
Ums and ers
32
Unintentional Repetition
Repeating words
33
Digression
Wandering off topic
34
Topic Loop
Returning to an earlier topic
35
Topic Shift
Changing topic
36
Non-Standard Grammar
'We was half an hour late'
37
Stress
Places emphasis on particular words
38
Intonation
Technical term for tone of voice and refers to the way in which speech can rise or fall.
39
Tempo
The speed or pace of speech
40
Oral Signals
Expressive sounds such as laughs, sighs, gasps and so on
41
Incomplete Construction
Phrases missing grammatical elements e.g. 'alright'
42
Volume
How loudly or softly someone may speak
43
Interrupted Construction
Abandoned phrases
44
Convergence
Moving speech closer to the other persons
45
Opening Sequence
Common easing into conversation such as an exchange of greetings
46
Face
How we present a particular image of ourselves
47
Tag Question
A question attached to the end of a sentence e.g. 'It's cold today, isn't it?'
48
Syndeton
Using a conjunction in between every phrase in a sentence
49
Elision
The omission of letters e.g. 'gonna' rather than 'going'
50
Hedging
How a writer expresses certainty or uncertainty
51
Topic Marker
An utterance which establishes the topic of conversation
52
Grice's Maxims
Maxims of quantity, quality, manner and relevance/relation
53
Negative Politeness
When we avoid intruding on peoples lives e.g. not imposing presence or prying into their lives
54
Jargon
Specialist language associated with a particular occupation or activity
55
Pre-closing Signal
Indication conversations coming to an end
56
Positive Politeness
Demonstrating that people are well liked and admired e.g. paying compliments or taking an interest in their lives/well-being
57
Discourse Marker
An expression that directs the movement of conversation
58
Feedback
Signs given to speakers to show you are listening
59
Imperative
Gives a direct instruction, order, warning, command, request or invitation e.g. 'Read Shakespeare's Macbeth by Monday'
60
Upward Convergence
Making yourself sound of a higher class in conversation
61
Interrogative
Sentences that are questions
62
FTA ( Face Threatening Act)
Something is said or done that challenges or rejects another face
63
Declarative
Sentences that make statements
64
Exclamatory
Emphatic sentences indicated by the use of an exclamation mark
65
Asyndetic List
Listing that doesn't involve the use of conjunctions
66
Syndetic List
Lists that involve the use of conjunctions
67
Interruption
One speaker intentionally talks over another
68
Mutual Convergence
Both participants in a conversation merge towards each other
69
Holding the Floor
Speaking to a group of people often for a long time without allowing anyone else to speak
70
Adjacency Pair
Two part exchanges following a predictable pattern and sound in conversation
71
Honorific
A title or word that expresses respect
72
Repair
In conversation a repair resolves a problem that has risen
73
Lakoff's Politeness Principles
Don't impose, give options, make the receiver feel good
74
Divergence
When peoples style of speech moves further apart
75
Pitch
The rise and fall in the way we speak
76
Hypocorism
The use of nicknames
77
Paralinguistics
The aspects of spoken communication that don't involve words
78
Overlap
Unintentional speaking over another
79
Downward Convergence
Making yourself sound of a lower class in conversation
80
Polite Discourse Marker
The way you speak to a person in conversation politely
81
Closing Sequence
ritual exchanges or conclusions

English language (2 decks)

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