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Diagnostic Imaging II Exam One > Spondylo and Pelvic Fractures > Flashcards

Spondylo and Pelvic Fractures Flashcards

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1
Q

Spondylolisthesis has a prevalence of 5-7% in the population of what race?

A

Caucasians

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2
Q

Spondylolisthesis has a prevalence of 40% in what population?

A

Alaskan eskimos

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3
Q

What are the categories of spondylolisthesis?

A 
I = dysplastic (congenital)
II = spondylolytic (isthmic)
III = degenerative 
IV = traumatic 
V = pathological 
VI = post surgical
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4
Q

Displacement with spondylolisthesis is rare after what age? At what age is the greatest degree of anterior slippage seen?

A

Rare after 18; greatest at 10

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5
Q

What is the most common location for type II spondylolisthesis?

A

L5

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6
Q

What is the most common location for type III spondylolisthesis?

A

L4

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7
Q

Type III spondylolisthesis is more common among what gender?

A

Females over 40

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8
Q

What is the most common type of spondylolisthesis?

A

Type II (isthmic)

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9
Q

What is the most common type of type IV spondylolisthesis?

A

Hangman’s fracture of C2

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10
Q

What is the 2nd most common type of spondylolisthesis?

A

Type III (degenerative)

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11
Q

What are the most common locations in order for type II spondylolisthesis?

A

L5, L4, L3, L2, L1

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12
Q

What are the most common locations in order for type III spondylolisthesis?

A

L4, L5, L3, L2, L1

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13
Q

What causes type I spondylolisthesis?

A

Malformation of sacrum and L5 (rare)

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14
Q

What is the congenital predisposition for type I spondylolisthesis?

A

Thin pars

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15
Q

Is type I spondylolisthesis present at birth?

A

NO, but the congenital thin pars as a cause IS

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16
Q

What causes type II spondylolisthesis?

A

Stress fracture, elongated pars, or acute fracture (rare)

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17
Q

What causes type III spondylolisthesis?

A

Degeneration of posterior joints

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18
Q

What is unique about the pars with a type III spondylolisthesis?

A

Intact (pseudospondylo)

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19
Q

What conditions can cause type IV spondylolisthesis?

A

Metastasis, Paget’s, osteopetrosis

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20
Q

What causes type VI spondylolisthesis?

A

Stress fracture at level above or below arthrodesis or at level of laminectomy (rare)

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21
Q

Using what measurement line is spondylolisthesis best detected?

A

George’s line

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22
Q

What procedure is used to grade a spondylolisthesis?

A

Meyerding’s method

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23
Q

What radiographic sign is associated with a spondylolisthesis?

A

Inverted napoleon hat sign

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24
Q

Does a spondylolisthesis automatically mean there is a pars defect?

25
What part of the vertebra is the eye of the scotty dog?
Pedicle
26
What part of the vertebra is the neck of the scotty dog?
Pars
27
What part of the vertebra is the feet of the scotty dog?
Inferior articular process
28
What part of the vertebra is the ear of the scotty dog?
Superior articular process
29
What is the best recommendation for a young patient with visible stress of a pars?
Break for 6 months (difficult with athletes but best strategy for healing)
30
What is usually the mechanism of injury for a sacral fracture?
Falling on buttocks (possibly direct trauma)
31
What is the most common location of a sacral fracture?
Horizontally near 3rd or 4th segment (snaps forward)
32
Sacral fractures are best seen on what view?
Lateral
33
Why are sacral fractures sometimes difficult to see?
Observed by fecal material and gas
34
Most coccygeal fractures occur in which direction?
Horizontal
35
Are pelvic fractures usually stable or unstable? Why?
Stable due to pelvic musculature keeping bones in place following fracture
36
What is the issue with unstable pelvic fractures?
Considerable soft tissue injury, possibly fatal
37
What is the eponym for an isolated iliac wing fracture?
Duverney fracture
38
Why can Duverney fractures be hard to see?
Fecal material and gas build up due to abdominal trauma shutting down GI tract
39
What is the most common STABLE (and overall) fracture of the pelvic (40%)?
Ischiopubic rami fractures
40
Which rami of the ischium is more prone to fractures?
Inferior (medial portion)
41
What population tends to have more ischiopubic rami fractures?
Elderly (from falls)
42
What is the eponym for ipsilateral double vertical shearing fractures of both the superior and inferior pubic rami WITH a fracture about the ipsilateral SI joint (aka hell)?
Malgaigne fractures
43
What is the most common UNSTABLE pelvic fracture?
Malgaigne fractures
44
Avulsion fractures of the pelvis are more common among what population?
Adolescents with athletic participation
45
What muscle can cause an avulsion fracture of the ASIS?
Sartorius
46
What muscle can cause an avulsion fracture of the AIIS?
Rectus femoris
47
What muscle can cause an avulsion fracture of the ischial tuberosity?
Hamstrings
48
What is the most common avulsion fracture of the pelvis?
Ischial tuberosity (from hamstring attachment)
49
Does an epiphysis or apophysis serve as an attachment site for muscles on a bone?
Apophysis (epiphysis is for adding length)
50
What is the only avulsion fracture of the pelvis that will displace superiorly?
Lesser trochanter fracture from tension of iliopsoas
51
What muscle can cause an avulsion fracture of the greater trochanter?
Gluteal muscles
52
What muscle can cause an avulsion fracture of the lesser trochanter?
Iliopsoas
53
Avulsion fractures of the pelvis usually displace in which direction?
Inferiorly
54
In what sport do we see a high prevalence of pelvic avulsion fractures?
Soccer
55
What kind of fracture is the same as a Malgaigne fracture but has CONTRALATERAL SI joint fracture/dislocation?
Bucket-handle fracture
56
What is a straddle fracture?
Bilateral superior and inferior rami fractures
57
What is another name for an "open book" fracture?
Sprung pelvis
58
What is a sprung pelvis?
Diastasis of pubic symphysis and of one or both SI joints

Diagnostic Imaging II Exam One (5 decks)

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