Spondylosis, Spondylolysis, Spondylolisthesis

Question 1

What is the definition of spondylosis?

Answer 1

A vertebral condition

Question 2

What is the definition of spondylolysis?

Answer 2

A vertebral seperation or vertebral cleavage

Question 3

What is the definition of spondylolisthesis?

Answer 3

A vertebral slippage

Question 4

What is the current limited definition of spondylosis?

Answer 4

A vertebral condition that is acquired or age-related

Question 5

What are some of the causes of spondylolysis?

Answer 5

Congenital, acquired during development, the result of aging, or the result of trauma

Question 6

What specific parts of vertebra are separated as a result of a pars defect?

Answer 6

The vertebral body, pedicle, and articular process are separated from the other articular process, lamina, and spinous process

Question 7

What is the incidence of spondylosis in the general population?

Answer 7

A range of 2.6% to 10%

Question 8

Lumbar spondylolysis has not been reported in what groups of individuals?

Answer 8

Fetuses, newborns, rarely in children under five years old, patients who have never walked and in non-erect species

Question 9

What does lumbar spondylolysis appear to be related to?

Answer 9

Those species that walk erect; humans

Question 10

What is the gender bias and locational bias associated with lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 10

Men at L5/S1; women at L4/L5

Question 11

What is the age range typically associated with lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 11

10-20 year olds

Question 12

What motion(s) is particularly associated with lumbar spondylolysis?

Answer 12

hyperextension coupled with rotation

Question 13

What fills the space in a lumbar spondylolysis

Answer 13

fibrocartilagenous material

Question 14

What types of neural function(s) have been associated with the spondylolysis ligament?

Answer 14

nociception, neuromodulation and autonomic function

Question 15

What is the appearance of the lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view?

Answer 15

a Scotty dog

Question 16

What is the appearance of a pars defect in a lumbar vertebra upon oblique x-ray view

Answer 16

a collared Scotty dog

Question 17

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the neck of the Scotty dog?

Answer 17

The pars interarticularis below the superior articular process

Question 18

In an oblique x-ray, spondylolysis below the superior articular process of a lumbar pars interarticularis is associated with what part of the Scotty dog?

Answer 18

The neck of the Scotty dog

Question 19

What part of the lumbar vertebra forms the eye of a Scotty dog?

Answer 19

the pedicle

Question 20

What part of a lumbar vertebra forms the nose of a Scotty dog?

Answer 20

The transverse process

Question 21

what characteristics are associated with cervical spondylolysis?

Answer 21

rare, congenital, gender biased toward men, most common at C6 and linked to spondylolisthesis and spina bifida

Question 22

What ethnic group is associated with a high incidence of sacral spondylolysis?

Answer 22

The native Alaskan (Inuit) population

Question 23

Is sacral spondylolysis the result of congenital conditions, acquired conditions or an age-related conditions?

Answer 23

it seems to be acquired

Question 24

What gender bias is associated with sacral spondylolysis?

Answer 24

Gender biased toward men

Question 25

What vertebral level is associated with sacral spondylolysis

Answer 25

kayaking and harpooning

Question 26

What vertebral condition results in spondylolisthesis?

Answer 26

bilateral spondylolysis

Question 27

What is the direction of spondylolisthesis?

Answer 27

Anterior or forward displacement

Question 28

What is the posterior direction of vertebral slippage called?

Answer 28

Retrospondylolisthesis or retrolisthesis

Question 29

Identify all names given to type I spondylolisthesis?

Answer 29

dysplastic spondylolisthesis, congenital spondylolisthesis

Question 30

Identify all names given to type II spondylolisthesis?

Answer 30

isthmic spondylolisthesis

Question 31

Identify all names given to type IV spondylolisthesis?

Answer 31

traumatic spondylolisthesis

Question 32

Identify all names given to type V spondylolisthesis?

Answer 32

pathologic spondylolisthesis

Question 33

What is the locational bias of type I spondylolisthesis?

Answer 33

L5 or upper sacral segments

Question 34

What additional conditions are linked to type I spondylolisthesis?

Answer 34

Spina bifida occulta and nerve root compression of the S1 nerve

Question 35

What is the age group typically associated with type II spondylolisthesis?

Answer 35

teenagers or young adults

Question 36

What gender bias, locational bias, and spinal canal dimensions are associated with type II spondylolisthesis?

Answer 36

isthmic spondylolisthesis is common in men, located at the L5/S1 level and demonstrates an increase in sagittal diameter of the spinal canal