Sponges & Radiate Animals

Question 1

What are the basic structures that make up a sponge?

Answer 1

• Amoebocyte
• Pore Cell
• Choanocyte
• Spicule

Question 2

What are Choanocytes?

Answer 2

Flagellated cells that draw water through pore cells and trap food in collar

Question 3

What are amoebocytes?

Answer 3

undifferentiated cells

Question 4

What are spicules made of?

Answer 4

calcium carbonate or silica

Question 5

What kind of symmetry do Cnidaria have?

Answer 5

Radially symmetric eumetazoa

Question 6

Phylum Cnidaria are _________, and have _________, but no _______?

Answer 6

diploblastic, tissues, organs

Question 7

What germ layer is not present in a diploblastic animal?

Answer 7

mesosderm

Question 8

What are the two basic body forms? And are both body forms always present?

Answer 8

Medusa and Polyp

-no they are not

Question 9

What does a medusa look like?

Answer 9

mouth downward and free-swimming

Question 10

What does a Polyp look like?

Answer 10

mouth upright and base attached to substrate

Question 11

What do the tentacles house?

Answer 11

stinging cells called cnidocytes

Question 12

What are the stinging organelles called in the tentacles?

Answer 12

Nematocysts

Question 13

What are the three main classes of Cnidaria?

Answer 13

1. Hydrozoa (hydroids)
2. Scyphozoa (jellyfish)
3. Anthozoa (corals, anemones)

Question 14

What life form is dominant in the jellyfish?

Answer 14

medusa

Question 15

What are the life stages of a jellyfish?

Answer 15

Planula, scyphistoma, strobila, ephyra

Question 16

What is the dominant life form in corals and anemones?

Answer 16

only the polyp stage

Question 17

What are sea Anemones like?

Answer 17

• solitary, sessile predators

- anchored to substrate

Question 18

What are corals like?

Answer 18

• most are colonial

- stony corals secrete exoskeletons of calcium carbonate

Question 19

What do gorgonians do on corals?

Answer 19

secrete flexible rod-like structures to support polyps

Question 20

Coral reefs are in _____.

Answer 20

Peril

Question 21

Reef building corals have a ________ ________ with _______.

Answer 21

symbiotic relationship with algae

Question 22

What does the increase of temperature do to the coral and algae?

Answer 22

breaks down the symbiosis, causing the (coral bleaching). loses color because algea can’t survive

Question 23

What does an increase in atmospheric CO2 lead to? And what happens because of this?

Answer 23

lower ocean pH. Calcium carbonate becomes less available to corals

Question 24

Phylum Ctnenophora (comb jellies) are _______ and have _______ ________ ________ _______.

Answer 24

triploblastic, rudimentary bilateral symmetry.

Question 25

Do Ctnenophora (comb jellies) produce nematocysts?

Answer 25

no

Question 26

How do Ctnenophora (comb jellies) use nematocysts?

Answer 26

some eat cnidarians and use their nematocysts for defense

Question 27

What is a Sponge like? (Phylum Porifera)

Answer 27

- mass of cells within gelatinous matrix - no tissues, but cells are specialized - no defined symmetry