Spontaneous Radioactivity Flashcards
(18 cards)
What is radioactivity?
The process by which unstable atomic nuclei break down, emitting radiation.
What does ‘decay’ mean in the context of radioactivity?
The breakdown of an unstable atomic nucleus over time.
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different masses due to differing numbers of neutrons.
What leads to spontaneous radioactive decay?
An unstable ratio of protons to neutrons in certain isotopes.
Which elements are radioactive?
All isotopes of elements with atomic numbers greater than 84.
What is a radioisotope?
An isotope that is unstable and emits radiation.
What are the common types of radiation emitted by radioisotopes?
- Alpha particles
- Beta particles
- Gamma rays
What is the Greek symbol for alpha particles?
α or He
What is the mass and charge of alpha particles?
Mass: 4, Charge: 2+
What is the Greek symbol for beta particles?
β or e
What is the mass and charge of beta particles?
Mass: 0, Charge: -1
What is the Greek symbol for gamma rays?
γ
What is the mass and charge of gamma rays?
Mass: 0, Charge: 0
What is transmutation in the context of radioactive decay?
The process by which an atom transforms into a new element after decay.
Why is spontaneous radioactive decay referred to as a natural process?
It occurs without any external influence.
What is the penetrating power of alpha particles?
Low; can be stopped by paper.
What is the penetrating power of beta particles?
Moderate; can be stopped by metal foil.
What is the penetrating power of gamma rays?
High; requires lead to stop.
