Sport and Nutrition

Question 1

Describe the role of respiration

Answer 1

The primary function of the respiratory system is gas exchange. Animal cells use oxygen and produce carbon dioxide as a byproduct

Question 2

Similarities and differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration

Answer 2

Respiration is a chemical reaction which occurs in all living cells, releasing energy from glucose. Aerobic respiration occurs with oxygen and releases more energy but more slowly. Anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly.

Question 3

Explain the importance of oxygen debt

Answer 3

Repaying this oxygen debt is vital as lactic acid is toxic and a build up in our cells and muscles can lead to harmful effects if not converted to CO2 and water quickly enough. The existence of an oxygen debt explains why we continue to breathe deeply and quickly for a while after exercise.

Question 4

Describe the function and pats of the heart

Answer 4

Each side of the heart consists of an atrium and a ventricle which are two connected chambers. The atria (plural of atrium) are where the blood collects when it enters the heart. The ventricles pump the blood out of the heart to the lungs or around the body.

Question 5

Describe the different roles and structures of the blood vessels

Answer 5

Blood is transported in
arteries
,
veins
and
capillaries
.

Blood is pumped from the heart in the arteries. It is returned to the heart in the veins.

The capillaries connect the two types of blood vessel and molecules are exchanged between the blood and the cells across their walls.

Question 6

Use anaerobic and aerobic respiration describe different fitness types

Answer 6

Anaerobic respiratory system
The
anaerobic
respiratory system supplies energy very quickly for sports such as vaulting in gymnastics or throwing a javelin where the activity only lasts a few seconds.

An athlete about to throw a javelin
Anaerobic exercise is performed in the absence of oxygen. It is high-intensity, short duration exercise. Anaerobic exercise can only be sustained for a short time, mainly because of the build-up of lactic acid.

Question 7

Explain how heart and breathing rate will change during exercise

Answer 7

When you exercise, your muscles need more oxygen and nutrients to sustain their activity. This demand is met by an increase in your heart rate and breathing rate. The heart pumps faster to circulate more blood, which carries oxygen and nutrients to the muscles.

Question 8

Describe what performance enhancing substance are

Answer 8

any performance-enhancing drug that would give him more strength, more endurance and a faster recovery

Question 9

Explain how EPO gives athletes an unfair advantage

Answer 9

Athletes using EPO do so to encourage their bodies to produce higher than normal amounts of red blood cells to enhance performance

Question 10

Explain what a balanced diet is

Answer 10

A balanced diet is the foundation of good health. It provides the essential nutrients—proteins, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins, and minerals, and water—that our bodies require to function effectively.

Question 11

Describe the different nutrients needed in the body and their roles

Answer 11

There are six main categories of essential nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Each plays a unique role in supporting health. Carbohydrates provide the body with glucose, its primary energy source.

Question 12

Identify parts of the lung

Answer 12

Each lung is divided into lobes: the right lung has three lobes, while the left lung has two lobes, making room for the heart. The lungs are located in the thoracic cavity, on either side of the heart.

Question 13

Define diffusion

Answer 13

Net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration to a region of low concentration

Question 14

Describe gas exchange at the alveolus in terms of diffusion

Answer 14

This exchange occurs due to the concentration gradient, as oxygen is higher in alveolar air and lower in blood, while carbon dioxide follows the opposite gradient.

Question 15

Name some of the diseases caused by smoking

Answer 15

Lung Cancer

More people die from lung cancer than any other type of cancer.

Heart Disease

Smoking harms nearly every organ in your body,

Question 16

State the chemicals in cigarette smoke and their effect

Answer 16

Almost 100 chemicals in smoke are toxic. They are present at doses that are poisonous to humans. At least 70 of the poisonous chemicals in tobacco smoke are known causes of cancer