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PE / Paper 1 Section C > Sport and Society > Flashcards

Sport and Society Flashcards

(59 cards)

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1
Q

What is the feudal system?

A

A way of structuring people in a hierarchy based on land-owners and those who provided services

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2
Q

Define ‘popular recreation’

A

The sport and pastimes of people in pre-industrial britain

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3
Q

What are the characteristics of popular recreation (pre-industrial britain)

A

-Rural
-Local
-Wide illiteracy
-Violent
-Two-tier system
-Simple
-Unwritten rules
-Irregular

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4
Q

What is Mob Football?

A

-type of popular recreation
-violent, due to low illiteracy rates
-unwritten rules
-played in rural villages by the lower class

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5
Q

What is Real Tennis?

A

-type of popular recreation
-played by the gentry
-complex, written rules, so played by the educated
-played by the upper class as it was expensive
-required equipment (tennis racket and ball)
-played in purpose built facilities
-

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6
Q

Rationalisation

A

Making sport increasingly more ordered, logical, structured.

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7
Q

What is rational recreation?

A

Physical activity and sport that became prevalent after the Industrial Revolution when the middle class sought to alter the leisure habits of the working class and wanted to use these to develop the moral qualities they viewed as beneficial to a civilised society.

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8
Q

What are the characteristics of rational recreation

A

-Purpose built facilities
-written rules
-Regular
-amateurism and professionalism
-regional

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9
Q

Explain the ‘Industrial Revolution’

A

-occurred in mid 18th century to mid 19th century
-Britain changed from a rural society to a industrialised, machine-based, capitalist society which was ruled by the powerful middle class

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10
Q

What were the initial effect of the Industrial Revolution

A

Negative
-poor health/hygiene, poor working conditions ; this meant people had little energy to play sport
-lack of disposable income, little income to play/watch sport
-lack of facilities for the lower classes
-overcrowding, no space for mob games

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11
Q

What were the effects of the Industrial Revolution from mid 19th century?

A

Positive
-improved health/hygiene
-improved transport & communications
-emergence of the middle class
-Athleticism developed
-Industrial patronage, factory owners created football teams to motivate workers e.g. westham united

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12
Q

What is Urbanisation?

A

Urbanisation is a large movement of people from rural areas to towns/cities seeking regular work

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13
Q

British empire

A
  • Educated Brits who worked in colonies took their sport to other nations in the empire
    -Forming NGBs in other countries
    -e.g. Crickets influence on the middle east
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14
Q

What was the role of the church?

A

-Influenced individuals to participate in sport as it was better than drinking/gambling (form of social control)
-created church leagues/competitions for sport increasing church attendance

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15
Q

public schools & university

A

-boys would share their village sports with their public schools
-they would adapt their sport at their school depending on the facilities available
-during university, people would share their school sports and create new ones (e.g. rugby and hockey)

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16
Q

What was the role of the middle class

A

-Codification
-Developing competitions
-Public provision
-increasing leisure time
-move to professionalims

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17
Q

Development of NGBs

A

-established to standardise rules (FA)
-codification, unified rules for consistency
-organised leagues and competitions (FA cup)

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18
Q

Changing role of woman

A
  1. Football = increased media coverage/funding, more clubs, increased approval from FA, more female officials/pundits/coaches.
  2. Lawn Tennis = female players at Wimbledon from 1884, equal prize money since 2007, leading sport for gender equality.
  3. Athletics = women’s AAA formed in 1922, Olympics from 1928, events restricted for women, e.g. no hammer throw until the 2000s.
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19
Q

What is an amateur?

A

Someone who participates in sport for the love of the game and for no financial gain.

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20
Q

What is a professional?

A

Someone who plays sport for a financial gain. e.g. CR7

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21
Q

What is a gentleman amateur

A

-A respected member of society (social elite)
-high moral code/sportsmanship
-variety of sports
-competing>winning

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22
Q

What is commercialization

A

The process of attemping to gain money from an activity

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23
Q

What is a sponsorship

A

When a company pays for their product to be publicly displayed. e.g. HP on spurs.

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24
Q

Media

Study These Flashcards
A

Organised means of communication by which for large numbers of different people can be reached quickly e.g. sky sports for premier league

25
Globalisation
Increasing interconnections of other countries.
26
Characteristics of commercial sport
-professional sport (high quality) -sponsorship and business -entertainment -contracts (tv rights) -wide media coverage
27
Effects of commercialisation
1. performers -higher incomes -greater pressure -lack of privacy 2.sport -scoring/rule system changes -more breaks in play
28
Explain 'Golden Triangle'
-business (advertising, sponsorship & merchandising) -sport (players,performers and spectators) -media (subscriptions, radio, newspaper, social media)
29
Define 'society'
An organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest.
30
Define 'socialisation'
The lifelong process where members of society learn its norms,values , ideas and practices & roles in order to take their place in society.
31
Primary socialisation
-socialisation learn during the early years of the childhood e.g. from parents and family
32
Secondary socialisation
-socialisation in the later years when the parents are less involved e.g. friends, school and coaches
33
Gender socialisation
learning to conform to gender norms
34
social control
The way in which people's thoughts, feelings, appearances and behaviours are regulated in social years.
35
social change
A change or adaption of norms in society.
36
social issue
Problems that may affect someone in a society
37
internalisation
the learning of values or attitudes that are incorporated within yourself
38
inequality
unfair distribution of resources and opportunity within society
39
social stratification
a type of social inequality where society is divided into different levels on the basis of a social characteristic such as wealth
40
social class
a term used to define social inequality e.g. some groups have access to more wealth, power & income
41
What are some factors that contribute to social class?
-a persons job -income -family backround -education
42
social action theory
a way of viewing socialisation, emphasising social action. e.g. society is influenced and changed by individuals interacting with eachother across society.
43
interactionist approach
the study of how individuals develop within a society
44
equal opportunity
the right to access the same opportunities regardless of age, race and sex.
45
progression
the state of progressing into a more advanced state
46
what are some disadvantages groups within society
-disabled individuals -gender -ethnicity group -disadvantaged -lower socio-economic status individuals
47
discrimination
unfair treatment of people based on prejudice e.g. a coach refusing to pick an individual based on race and not skill level.
48
stereotyping
a generalised belief about a group of people e.g. assuming female athletes are less skilled than male athletes
49
prejudice
a preconceived belief about a group of people e.g. 'only tall people are good at basketball'
50
stacking
the disproportionate concentration of ethnic minorities in certain position in sports, due to stereotype that they are more valuable to their physicality than their decision making and communication qualities.
51
channeling
ethnic minorities may be pushed towards into certain sports, based on assumptions about them. e.g. a pakistani being pushed towards cricket
52
what is the rooney rule
requires that all national football teams but interview someone than an ethnic minority backround for their head coach role
53
what are some examples of barriers to participation for women
-stereotyping, and traditional gender roles -lack of media coverage and limited role models -work and family commitments and lack of disposable income
54
what are some examples of barriers to participation for disabled individuals
-low-self esteem -negative stereotypes -limited funding and higher participation costs -limited specialised coaches
55
what are the benefits of raising participation
-health benefits -fitness benefits -social benefits
56
what are some health benefits
-maintain a healthy bmi -decrease risk of heart disease -avoids low/high blood pressure levels
57
what are some fitness benefits
-improved agility -improved cardiovascular health -improve muscular strength and endurance
58
what are some social benefits
-can develop new friends within your sport -raised serotonin levels after activity to help you feel relaxed and give a greater outlook on life -improved sleeping patterns
59
What are whole sport plans?
A businesses plan/document submitted to Sport England outlining each national governing body's strategies to grow participation and enhance talent over the four-year period the whole sport plan is in operation

PE / Paper 1 Section C (1 decks)

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