Sport and Society Flashcards
(38 cards)
Define Society?
An organised group of people associated for some specific purpose or with a shared common interest.
Define Internalisation?
The learning of values or attitudes that are incorporated within yourself.
Define Socialisation?
A lifelong process where members of society learn its norms, values, ideas, practices and roles in order to take their place in that society.
Define Primary Socialisation?
This refers to socialisation during the early years of childhood which takes place mainly within the immediate family (i.e mother,
father, brothers, sisters).
Define Secondary Socialisation?
This occurs during the later years (e.g as teenagers and adults) when the family is less involved and other ‘agencies’ are deliberately set up for the socialisation process and begin to exert more and more influence (e.g, peer groups, friends, schools).
Define Gender Socialisation?
Involves the learning of behaviour and attitudes historically considered appropriate for a given sex. E.g ‘Boys learn to be boys’ and ‘Girls learn to be girls’.
Define Social Control?
An alteration in the social order of society.
Define Social Change?
The act of learning to confront / conform to culturally defined gender roles.
What are examples of Social Change?
Gender Inequalities Ethnic Inequalities Disabled Inequalities Socio-economic Inequalities ‘Cricket for change’
Define Social Issues?
Problems that affect many people in society.
Name some Sporting Inequalities?
Lack of money/cost of participation
Lack of self confidence/ self esteem
Lack of role models/ coaches/ leaders or people of responsibility
Myths or Stereotypes about ability- women, ethnic minorities, or disabled people.
What is the memory tool for Sporting Inequalities?
M- Money
R- Role Models
M- Myths
C- Confidence
MR/MC
Define Inequality?
The unfair situation where resources or opportunities are distributed unevenly within society.
Define Social Structures?
Organised pattern of social relationships and institutions that make up society; class is common structure in UK.
Define Stratification?
System of rankings within society, e.g. by wealth, power, etc.
Define Social Class?
A term used to define social inequalities, ie certain groups have more access to wealth, income and power than other. Factors which contribute to social class include a person’s job, family background, education and income.
How does Stratification influence Sport?
Disposable income affects participation. The rich get more than the poor. Low income can mean poorer health, this may lead to poor sporting performance. Low income means less to spend on equipment and coaching. State schools situated in more affluent areas often have better sports facilities.
How can Social Class affect people’s Sport?
Activities may be negatively affected by working class expectations, (for example, carrying out domestic responsibilities, looking after siblings, household chores).
Define the Social Action Theory?
This is a way of viewing socialisation, emphasising the active roles people have in shaping society/social life, i.e based on social action such as our interactions and negotiations with each other. Social action theorists argue that people’s behaviour and life-chances are not determined by their social background. Instead, social action theorists emphasises the role of the active individual and interactions between people in shaping personal identity and in turn the wider society.
Define the interactionist approach?
The Interactionist approach is the study of how individuals behave within a society. Interactionism works from the individual towards society and stresses the fact that it is people who actually create society. It’s the way people communicate and interact (e.g via language/gestures).
Explain the interactionist approach in sport?
In explaining sport, the theory is mainly concerned with peoples experiences of sports people and how they would interact with each other in social groups and in turn how they affect external social factors. The interactionist theory is helpful in understanding how to change sports to match the perspectives and identities of those playing them.
Explain the social action theory/the interactionist approach?
Social action theory/the interactionist approach views views sport and physical activity as a very important part of a society’s make-up.
How can sport have an impact on the social/cultural fabric of society and how can society have an impact on sport?
- By highlighting inequality that exist between different class groups.
- By impacting on our beliefs concerning masculinity/femininity.
- By impacting on our ideas/beliefs about race (negative racist chants).
- By impacting on our ideas about ability and disability.
Define Disability?
When a mental, physical or sensory impairment affects performance.
