Sport (Bones) Flashcards

Question

Hinge

Answer 1

- Goes two ways only - (Elbow and knee)

Answer 2

- Round end of one bone fits in to a cup shaped socket in the other bone which allows movement in all directions - (Hip and shoulder) - Cartilage surrounds bones to stop rubbing

Answer 3

- Modified version of a ball and socket joint - A bump on one bone sits in the hollow formed by another - (Radius and Ulna meets wrist joint)

Answer 4

- Gliding - Pivot - Saddle

Answer 5

- Joints allow movement over a flat surface in all directions but is restricted or a bony prominence - (Wrist and ankle)

Answer 6

- Ring of one bone - Fits over peg of another allowing controlled rational movement - (Head to neck)

Answer 7

- Surfaces are concave and convex - Movement occurs backwards and forwards, side to side - (Base of thumb)

Answer 8

- Movement of limb - Hand or fingers in circular pattern using combination of flexion, adduction, extension

Answer 9

- Neck or body rotation - Twisting movement - Produced by summation of the small rotational movements - One bone rotates in relation to another bone

Answer 10

- Hinge and ball and socket joints - Bending of the joint

Answer 11

- Contracting of your hand or foot - Extension of your foot at the ankle - Extension of your hand at wrist

Answer 12

- Thick tissue on bottom of the foot - Connects heel bone to the toes - Creates Arch for foot

Answer 13

- Bending body - One Constituent part

Answer 14

- Occurs when the arm is pulled across the chest, parallel to the floor - Forwards (Anterior)

Answer 15

- Any muscle that causes movement a limb away from the midline of the body or away from neighbouring part or limb

Answer 16

- Occurs in the frontal plane with exception of shoulder abduction - Adduction is movement of a joint/body part inward towards the midline

Answer 17

- End of attachment of muscle is immobile, or less moveable bone

Answer 18

- Responses - Adaptations

Answer 19

- Change takes place between 24-48 hour max - Quickly

Answer 20

- 6 week change - Increased bone strength (So dont break bones) - Increased ligament strength (Supports bones)

Answer 21

- Bowl of jelly mix (Gloopy, Thick) - Add water, less Viscous (Loose, liquid lick) - Thickness of a fluid

Answer 22

- Joint inflames causing stiffness and pain due to lack of cartilage

Answer 23

Connects bones together and provides stability and reduces injury

Answer 24

- Attached bones via tendons and it moves these bones under your conscious bone - Over time if muscle is required to contract frequently, it will begin to fatigue - (Fatigues, Conscious control)

Answer 25

- Forms walls of heart chambers - Specialised tissue which has its own blood supply - (If the heart is healthy, never fatigues, Unconscious (Involuntary) Control)

Answer 26

- Agonist (Contracts) (Working, pain) - Antagonist (Relaxes)

Answer 27

- Increase blood flow (More energy produced) - Increase Temperature (Muscle) - Increase Muscle Pliability (Muscle Flexibility) (Stretch) - Micro tear of fibres - Lactate build up (Contract Involuntarily)

Answer 28

- Brings about muscle Contraction - Impulses are sent to muscles via motor neurons (Nerves) -Motor neuron is attached to a number of muscle fibres, these are called Motor units (Neuron + Fibres) - Muscle Fibres within a motor unit will be of the same type - When a motor neuron receives a signal to contract, Muscle fibres attached to neuron will contract (All or none law) - Force muscles produce is altered by adjusting the number of motor units stimulating/stimulated to contract

Answer 29

- Attached to an immovable bone

Answer 30

- Excessive movement of a joint in one direction - Joint forced to move beyond its normal range of motion - when it happens, tissue around joints becomes damaged - Returned from Horizontal Flexion to the side - Backwards (Posterior)

Answer 31

- Flexion Agonist - Bicep Antagonist- Tricep - Exterior Agonist - Tricep Antagonist - Bicep

Answer 32

- Fast - Excellent resistance - Anaerobic - (EXAMPLE: Rugby, Tennis, Sprint, Weight Lifter)

Answer 33

- Moderate/Good - Moderate resistance - Aerobic/Anaerobic - (EXAMPLE: Football)

Answer 34

- Of a muscle will always be either a full bone, part of a bone

Answer 35

- Walls of the digestive system and around blood vessels - Helps regulate blood pressure (Vasoconstriction (Inwards)) and dilation (Outwards) and digestion works without control - Contractions are slow - (No Fatigue, Unconscious/Involuntary control)

Answer 36

- Low/Slow - High endurance - Aerobic - (EXAMPLE: Marathon, Rowing, Swimmer, Cyclist)

Answer 37

- Attached to the immobile or less moveable bone

Answer 38

Isotonic- Muscle changes length during contraction - Concentric - Muscle shortens during contraction - Eccentric - Muscle lengthens under contraction Isometric- Muscle stays same length under contraction Tonic - Changes length Metric - Stays same length Con (centric) (Con Shor) - Shortens Eccen (tric) (Eccen Len) - Lengthens

Answer 39

- Stop any unwanted movement by fixing or stabilising the joints involved in the movement

Answer 40

- Work with the agonist to control and direct movement into the desired plane

Answer 41

- Pronates top and front of forearm origin is humorous bone insertion is ulna bone, exercise and activity is top spin in racket sports

Answer 42

- Flexes hand in wrist it is in front of forearm origin is humorous bone insertion is metacarpals and exercise is bouncing a ball

Answer 43

- Extends in hand wrist in back of forearm in humerus bone insertion is metacarpals and exercise is the straightening of the wrist

Answer 44

- Supinates forearm, tap and near forearm, in humerus bone insertion is ulna bone is back racket spin in racket sports

Answer 45

- Flexes in lower arm front of upper arm in Scapula insertion is radius exercise is bicep curls

Answer 46

. Function - Extends lower arm . Location - Outside upper arm . Origin - Humerus and Scapula . Insertion - Olecranon process . Exercise/Activity - Dips, Press ups, Overhead pressing

Answer 47

. Function - Abducts, Flexes and extends upper arm . Location - Forms cap of shoulder . Origin - Sternum, Clavicle, and rib Cartilage . Insertion - Humerus . Exercise/Activity - Forward, Lateral and back - Arm raises, overhead lifting

Answer 48

. Function - Flexes and adducts upper arm . Location - Large muscle in chest . Origin - Sternum, clavicle, and rib cartilage . Insertion - Humerus . Exercise/Activity - All pressing movements

Answer 49

. Function - Flexes lower arm at elbow . Location - Front of upper arm . Origin - Scapula . Insertion - Radius . Exercise/Activity - Bicep curl, pull ups

Answer 50

. Function - Flexes hand at wrist . Location - Front of forearm . Origin - Humerus . Insertion - Metacarpal . Exercise/Activity - Bouncing a basketball

Answer 51

. Function - Extends or straightens hand at wrist . Location - Back of forearm . Origin - Humerus . Insertion - Metacarpal . Exercise/Activity - Straightening of wrist

Answer 52