Sport in ancient world Flashcards by Krysten Dorado

Name 4 sources of evidence

Written, primary/secondary, archaeological, and ephigraphical

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Eye witness vs second witness accounts are what time of evidence

Primary/secondary

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Name examples of material records

Ruins, equipment,painting, statues

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Name examples of ephigraphical records

Writing carved into stone or wood

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What is wrong with the phayllus of crotona’s record long jump of 55 ft?

We cannot determine the source therefore unbelievable. What was there source of measurement?

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What happened to Pheidippides and the marathon

He ran 26 miles from the city Marathon to Athens to announce Greek victory before collapsing dead

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Name a few sports played in ancient Egypt

Wrestling,boxing,fencing, swimming, rowing, running, jumping, weight lifting, archery, horseback

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Who was Amenophis II, King of Egypt?

Warrior and athlete- best row-boater

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What country held “Funeral Games”

Ireland and Greece

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Who was Patroclus?

Homers cousin

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Homers work s the first evidence of what?

Athletic competition in western literature

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Homers atheletes were

Aristoi- unequal. Only aristocratic men

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Homers athletic games were connected to

Religious celebrations and for entertainment

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Discuss homers athletic contests

Martial, local, durable

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Define “local” sports

Rules varied from location to location

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Name homers 5 concepts in Greek civilization

Agon
Arête
Athlon(prize for contest)
Athlos (a contest for a prize)
Athlete

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Name the date, site, god, crown, and frequency for Olympic Games

776 bc
Olympia
Zeus
Olive
Every 4 years

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Name the date, site, god, crown, and frequency for Pythian games

582 bc
Delphi
Apollo
Laurel
Every 4 years

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Name the date, site, god, crown, and frequency for Isthmian games

582 bc
Corinth
Poseidon
Pine
Every 2 years

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Name the date, site, god, crown, and frequency for Nemean games

573 bc
Nemean
Zeus
Wild celery
Every 2 years

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Amentum

leather strap attached to javelin

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stade

unit of length (600 meters)

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Balabis

starting line of a race

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Halteres

hand weights used for long jump

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kampter

turning post

skamma

jumping pit

strigil

blade to wipe off sweat

Hellanodikai

judges

ekecheiria

"holding out of hands" ; truce in honor of Zeus

Phyllobolia

flowers and gifts

altis

sacred spot

spondorophoi

messengers who carried the word of the truce and announced the date of the games all over the Greek world.

stephantic

local athletic contests with no cash prizes

Zanes

statues of zeus

agonothetai

producers of Games

Elis

Greek city to hold first Olympic games

chermatic

local region where money was rewarded

significance of Olympic games

``` durable ethnocentric unequal specialized greek unifying force measurement of space and time cultural propaganda ```

Herian Games

every 4 years in Olympia unmarried women in honor of Hera, goddess of marriage and women

What is the significance of the Herian games?

transitional right of passage for women | sparta granted women opportunity to compete (strong women birth strong babies) [eugenics]

What caused the end of ancient greek olympic games?

Roman empire embraces Christianity; | Emperor Theodosius outlawed games because they were pagan festivals

thermaes

indoor spas; blue print for modern day gyms

ludi

Roman term for play, entertainment, fun

agon

Greek term for contest, war battle

phersu

a blindfolded warrior and a starved wild dog were leashed together

biggest influence of Roman games

Etruscans

name 3 Ludi Romani

circuses, naumachia, munera

Circus maximus

Roman hippodrome

Why did the Romans stage brutal games?

- social and political unity - all Romans could participate in violence that built empire - politics and social structure shaped ruling classes that provided necessities and entertainment - poor masses were not at bottom of social structure - spectators desensitized by violence - warnings to outsiders; prevent rebellion and warfare - lesson for everyone that cruelty kept empire intact

Secutores

Standard gladiator armed with sword and shield

Retiari

Gladiator armed with a net and trident

Gladiator armed with two short daggers

Dimachaeri

Single gladiator fought on horseback

Eques

Calervari

Teams of gladiators on horseback

Anabatae

Gladiator blindfolded on horseback

Gladiator trained in the art of killing wild beast

Beastieari

Holomochi

Prisoner

Clonista

Owner of gladiators

Triones

Rookies/first timers

Veterani

Successful veterans

Charon

Man dressed as a death God in a scary mask

4 sources for origins or sport and PE

War, hunting, religion, and fun

Physical features that make humans excellent sportsmen

Free hand, Opposable thumbs, upright posture, bipedal motions, color vision

Intellectual features that make humans good sportsmen

Brains, manipulate environment, language, negotiate, develop social skills

Social features of human beings learned through sport

Group behavior, food sharing, social learning

Three major theme ideas for sports/games

Transcend time and space, exist and flourish, bring people together and also divide

Ancient Olympic Games existed between what years?

776 bc to 394 ad =1,170 years

5 basic characteristic of Pre Modern Sport

Local, durable, sacred, martial, unequal

In what ways were Ancient Greek Olympic Games discriminatory?

Gender, nationality, skill level, social class

Name at least five groups of people hat fought in gladiatorial arena

Prisoners, slaves, autorati , Christians, cripples

Sport in ancient world Flashcards

(70 cards)