Sport Psychology Flashcards
(58 cards)
Definition of personality
Unique psychological make-up
Trait theory states…
Innate characteristics produce consistent behaviour.
One positive and one negative of the trait theory:
+ Measureable, simple
- Too simplistic, twin studies inconsistent
Social learning theory states:
Behaviour is learned from significant others through socialisation.
Observe, identify, reinforce, copy
Social learning theory formula:
B = f(E)
Positives and negatives of the social learning theory
+ Explains individuality, explains why only some models are copied.
- Some people never change, impossible to measure
Hollander’s approach to the interactionist perspective:
Personality is developed and affected by both environmental and genetic influences.
We are born with a psychological core. Traits we are born with adapt to specific situations, e.g. when core values are challenged or when someone is in a position of authority.
Lewin’s approach to the interactionist perspective:
B = f(PxE)
- Explains why behaviour may be unpredictable.
How can knowledge of the interactionist perspective improve performance? (3)
- Coach can predict problematic behaviour and remove player to avoid escalation.
- Coach can replicate situations that produce bad behaviour in training to teach players how to cope.
- Put the player in uncomfortable situations to encourage them to adapt.
What is the definition of attitude?
A value aimed at an attitude object, or learned beliefs, feelings, thoughts and behaviours.
How are attitudes formed?
- Past experiences
- Role models through socialisation
- Stereotypes
- Societal norms
What is the Triadic model composed of?
Attitude - feelings and interpretations.
Behavioural- actions.
Cognitive - beliefs, knowledge.
How can you change someone’s affective?
Make activities enjoyable.
How can you change someone’s behavioural?
Incorporate rewards.
How can you change someone’s cognitive?
Provide new information.
What are 2 ways to change someone’s attitude?
- Cognitive dissonance
- Persuasive communication
What is cognitive dissonance?
New information that creates conflict in thinking, causing unease and a change in motivation.
What is persuasive communication?
A relevant and clear message given from someone of high status, a role model or expert to promote change
What 4 things form someone’s attitude?
- Past experiences
- Role models
- Stereotypes
- Societal norms
What is arousal?
A level of activation, a degree of readiness to perform.
What 3 things can affect arousal levels?
- Level of competition
- Audience
- Frustration
What does the drive theory state?
As arousal increases, performance increases (proportional, linear relationship)
P = f (DxH)
Athletes revert to dominant response when aroused as they process less information.
3 criticisms of the drive theory
- Suggests athletes can’t be over aroused.
- Doesn’t take into account the complexity of the task or the athletes personality.
- Not relevant for precision sports.
What does the inverted U theory state?
As arousal increases, performance increases until athlete reaches point of optimum arousal. After this, performance gradually deteriorates (curve-linear relationship)
